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A foundation model for sleep-based risk stratification and clinical outcomes
Abstract Clinical sleep studies capture multiple physiologic signals, yet interpretation is often reduced to single summary measures of limited prognostic value, such as the apnea–hypopnea index. We present a foundation model that learns rich representations of sleep physiology from more than 10,000 clinical sleep recordings linked to electronic medical records. Here we show that sleep physiology contains latent risk structure invisible to conventional metrics, identifying five patient risk groups with markedly different trajectories for mortality, cardiovascular, and neurological disease. The highest-risk group shows more than double the mortality risk of the lowest, whereas apnea–hypopnea index severity categories show limited predictive value. The framework generalizes to the independent Sleep Heart Health Study, distinguishing high- and low-risk patients despite lower-resolution data. We demonstrate that foundation models recover clinically meaningful risk information embedded in routine sleep recordings that conventional metrics systematically miss, providing a scalable path to precision sleep medicine.
Metal‐free Hydrogen Generation from Seawater and Silicon Waste: A Circular Approach
ABSTRACT Hydrogen is a primordial energy carrier and industrial raw material that will play a crucial role in future energy transition and decarbonization ambitions. Silane hydrolysis represents an under‐explored approach to hydrogen generation, yet most known systems have thus far focused on noble‐metal catalysis. Herein we report a highly active transition metal‐free method for the production of hydrogen from (sea)water and hydrosilanes, relying on the unique combination of simple bases as catalyst, and dimethyl sulfoxide as promoting solvent, assisted by mechanistic and computational studies. Remarkably, the hydrolysis of phenylsilane achieved a turnover frequency (TOF) of 202 ± 5 min– 1 , far superior to existing metal‐free systems (TOF ≤ 8 min– 1 ), and even surpassing noble‐metal catalysts (TOF ≤ 170 min– 1 ). The developed method rapidly generates hydrogen directly from seawater, applying polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS), a silicon industry waste, with rates up to 70.2 mol H2 /g cat /h. Notably, we have demonstrated the recyclability of the solvent, and re‐use of the by‐products formed during PMHS hydrolysis. Thus, the polysiloxane by‐products were efficiently depolymerized into functional chlorosilane monomers, which are suitable for the design of new high‐value silicon polymers. These findings highlight the broader applicability and circularity of our integrated approach.
Multi-objective reinforcement learning for optimizing JAK/STAT pathway interventions: a quantitative systems pharmacology study for preclinical drug development
Non-enzymatic hepatic ABHD6 interacts with Akt-FoxO1 axis to regulate metabolic health
A Doubly Twisted Molecular Nanocarbon With Substantial π‐Overlap: Facile Synthesis, Chiral Resolution, and Through‐Space Electronic Coupling
ABSTRACT Twisted molecular nanocarbons (TMNCs) represent attractive targets due to their persistent chirality and potential through‐space electronic interactions, which remain largely unrevealed. Herein we report an efficient synthesis of a figure‐eight TMNC 1 with substantial π‐overlap, by using a quantitative, four‐fold regioselective Scholl reaction. The ( P,P )‐ and ( M,M )‐ enantiomers can be readily separated by preparative TLC plate, enabling persistent chiroptical properties with moderate dissymmetric factors (|g abs | = 3.5 × 10 −3 and |g lum | = 8.1 × 10 −3 ). Crystallographic analysis reveals a compressed lemniscular scaffold of TMNC 1 with close intramolecular π–π contacts (2.887–3.386 Å). Racemic crystals pack via C–H···π interactions, whereas enantiopure ( M,M )‐ 1 form tightly stacked π‐dimers. Notably, the dication 1 2+ exhibits pronounced spin polarization and through‐space electronic interactions between the overlapped pyrene units, manifesting characteristic spatial aromaticity. This work establishes a versatile platform for exploring through‐space electronic communication in topological nanocarbons.
A compact non-isolated cubic gain DC–DC converter for DC microgrid
Halochromic modulation of amorphous calcium carbonate crystallization driven by pH-responsive bioinspired pigments
Abstract Colors in biominerals often arise from the occlusion of low-molecular-weight organic pigments within calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) mineral phases during biomineralization processes; however, the physicochemical origin of these colors has been overlooked. Here, inspired by the growth of colored sea urchin spines that occurs through amorphous CaCO 3 (ACC) precursors, we show an in-vitro halochromic modulation of ACC crystallization. In this mechanism, the deprotonation of a natural red pigment naphthazarin (NZ) is driven by pH variations during mineral formation and subsequently stabilized within CaCO 3 - hybrid pigments. The latter show lavender-blue to violet-blue hues upon crystallization. Deprotonated NZ has a minimal impact on ACC formation and crystallization, which occurs through local dissolution and reprecipitation mechanisms; however, it limits the formation of vaterite, and calcite distorted nanodomains. Deprotonated NZ nano-inclusions that interact with calcite through water are thus formed. Overall, this study brings insights into the processes behind the coloration of biomineralized organisms.
Photo‐Organocatalyzed Synthesis of Hard‐Soft‐Hard Triblock Copolymers From Tetrafluoroethylene: Facile Access to Hydrogen‐Bonded Thermoplastic Fluoroelastomers
ABSTRACT Thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) combine the re‐processability of thermoplastics with the elasticity of rubbers, representing a pivotal class of polymer materials for sustainable and versatile applications. Fluoroelastomers relying on covalently cross‐linked networks, by contrast, achieve their superior performance at the expense of re‐processability and recyclability. In this work, we report a versatile photoredox‐mediated reversible‐deactivation radical copolymerization of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) with functional comonomers, enabled by designing a fluorobenzonitrile‐based photocatalyst (PC) exhibiting thermally activated delayed fluorescence ( E 1/2 (PC/PC •− ) = −1.87 V, τ TADF = 54.06 µs). At ppm‐level catalyst loading, this system affords well‐defined TFE copolymers bearing diverse nucleophilic pendants, including urethane, ureido, and thiocarbamide moieties, while maintaining excellent chain‐growth regulation and high chain‐end fidelity. Such hydrogen‐bonding pendants within the TFE copolymers promote the formation of dynamic hard segments. Leveraging this platform, we developed a two‐step sequence comprising photo‐mediated polymerization and chain extension without altering photocatalytic conditions, allowing the streamlined synthesis of hard‐soft‐hard triblock copolymers. Notably, the sequence‐controlled materials function as thermoplastic fluoroelastomers (TPFEs) with outstanding re‐processability, self‐healing capability, and tunable mechanical strength. This work establishes a molecular‐level engineering approach to high‐performance and sustainable TPFEs, opening doors for advanced materials.
Dual-stream 1D mobile-net with channel attention fusion for rolling element fault diagnosis
Bdelloid rotifers harbor a voltage-gated proton channel with distinct mechanistic features
Caffeic acid as a protective agent against cisplatin-induced testicular injury: histological, sperm, and molecular evidence
Sustainable ammonia synthesis from nitrate wastewater via graphdiyne Mo–Cu–C≡C interfaces
Increasing TET Expression and 5‐Hydroxymethylcytosine Formation by a Carbocyclic 5‐Aza‐2′‐deoxy‐cytidine Antimetabolite
ABSTRACT Ten‐eleven translocation (TET) enzymes are critical epigenetic regulators, which oxidize the methylated cytosine nucleobase 5‐methyl‐dC (mdC) in the genome to 5‐hydroxymethyl‐dC (hmdC) in an α‐ketoglutarate‐dependent manner. Because the presence of mdC in the promoter region of a given gene silences its expression, this oxidation goes in hand with the reactivation of such silenced genes. In different highly aggressive cancers such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and glioblastoma, loss of TET enzyme function, and therefore reduced hmdC levels pave the way for tumor development. Impairment of TET activity can occur through metabolic inhibition, through loss‐of‐function mutations in TET genes themselves, and finally through suppression of TET‐expression via epigenetic silencing. Reactivation of TET enzyme expression represents a major aim of epigenetic cancer therapy. Here we show that the carbocyclic antimetabolite 5‐aza‐2′deoxycytidine (cAzadC), which is supposed to suppress the methylation of DNA during replication, leads to a substantial increase of TET2 expression and strongly increasing hmdC levels. We show that the treatment with cAzadC goes in hand with the broad reactivation of the cellular antitumor responses. With patient‐derived xenograft AML‐mouse models, we show that this translates into a strongly improved anticancer effect in vivo.
Deciphering Augmented Dual‐ROS‐Driven Biofilm Eradication by Facilitating Long‐Range Spatial Charge Decoupling in Polymer Carbon Dots
ABSTRACT Developing carbon dots (CDs) with reactive oxygen species (ROS) production capability provides an attractive approach to address the dilemma of biofilm eradication caused by the robust extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) matrix. The challenge for the exploration of highly potent CDs is to circumvent the severe thermodynamic and kinetic paradox to transform surrounding substrates into ultra‐reactive ROS. To address this conundrum, we propose a long‐pathway electron‐accepting strategy promoting the absolute spatial charge decoupling by the elaborate marriage of carbonized core and polynaphthalenediimide (PNDI) network, which significantly boosts the superoxide anion (·O 2 − ) and hydroxyl radical (·OH) dual‐ROS generation of the constructed polymer CDs. Systematic mechanism exploration reveals that ultrafast intramolecular charge transfer after photoirradiation enables energetic long‐life electrons to migrate along the PNDI highway for abundant ·O 2 − production. Intriguingly, this profound separation firmly anchors uncompensated highly oxidative holes at the extraordinarily deep highest occupied molecular orbital level of the carbon core, successfully unlocking the thermodynamic threshold for direct ·OH generation. This tailored dual‐ROS storm induces catastrophic EPS matrix degradation and massacres the embedded pathogens, achieving near‐complete (∼99.9%) eradication of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. This work establishes a potent nanoplatform and provides profound mechanistic insights for tackling global biofilm‐associated threats.
Maternal diabetes and childhood cancer risks in offspring: a nationwide cohort study
A Hydrogen Bonded Organic Framework Constructed from Mixed Valence Fe Clusters for Efficient H2O2 Photosynthesis
Enantioselective Synthesis of Atropisomeric 1,3‐Dienes via Platinum‐Catalyzed Hydrosilylation of 1,3‐Enynes
ABSTRACT The enantioselective synthesis of novel atropisomeric architectures represents a key driving force in the advancement of functional materials, drug discovery, and asymmetric catalysis. While great progress has been made in the enantioselective synthesis of biaryl atropisomers, the catalytic enantioselective synthesis of atropisomeric acyclic 1,3‐dienes is still elusive due to the inherently low rotational barrier of the C‐C bonds. Herein, we report a platinum‐catalyzed enantioselective hydrosilylation of enynes. Using a monophosphine ligand L1 , the atropisomeric 1,3‐dienes are constructed in good yield with enantioselectivity and excellent regio‐ and E ‐selectivity. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are conducted to elucidate the origin of the regio‐ and enantioselectivity. Crucially, the basic additive such as KOH and K 3 PO 4 works as a proton shuttle to promote the reaction.
Impact of highly intensive functional balance training in children with developmental coordination disorder
Abstract Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (cDCD) face significant motor coordination challenges, impacting daily activities and participation. This study examined the effects of highly intensive, functional balance training across different levels of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) in cDCD. Thirty-five cDCD (mean(SD) age: 8.7(1.7) years) participated in a pre-post design with a six-month non-training baseline, and a three-month follow-up. The 40-hour camp included individually tailored balance activities and self-identified goals. Outcomes across ICF levels were analyzed with linear mixed models. Satisfaction ( p <.001) and performance ( p <.001) of individual goals (ICF-participation) improved significantly immediately after intervention and at follow-up. Postural control (ICF-body function) improvement at the group level was only present on reactive postural adjustments three months after training ( p =.004). When individual postural control profiles were taken into account, response rates were significantly higher ( p =.044– p <.001). The intervention improved fundamental movement skills (FMS; ICF-activities) and self-perceived ‘Scholastic competence’ (ICF-internal factors) at follow-up (FMS: p <.001; scholastic competence: p =.002). In conclusion, effects were most pronounced at the activity and participation levels and more limited at the body function level and internal factors. Overall, highly intensive, tailored balance training can improve FMS, individual goals, and individual postural control profiles in cDCD.