Browse Articles
Discover research articles across all indexed journals
Tubulin tyrosination/detyrosination regulate the affinity and sorting of intraflagellar transport trains on axonemal microtubule doublets
Abstract Cilia assembly and function rely on the bidirectional transport of components between the cell body and ciliary tip via Intraflagellar Transport (IFT) trains. Anterograde and retrograde IFT trains travel along the B- and A-tubules of microtubule doublets, respectively, ensuring smooth traffic flow. However, the mechanism underlying this segregation remains unclear. Here, we test whether tubulin detyrosination (enriched on B-tubules) and tyrosination (enriched on A-tubules) have a role in IFT logistics. We report that knockout of tubulin detyrosinase VashL in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii causes frequent IFT train stoppages and impaired ciliary growth. By reconstituting IFT train motility on de-membranated axonemes and synthetic microtubules, we show that anterograde and retrograde trains preferentially associate with detyrosinated and tyrosinated microtubules, respectively. We propose that tubulin tyrosination/detyrosination is crucial for spatial segregation and collision-free IFT train motion, highlighting the significance of the tubulin code in ciliary transport.
Standard operating procedure combined with comprehensive quality control system for multiple LC-MS platforms urinary proteomics
Abstract Urinary proteomics is emerging as a potent tool for detecting sensitive and non-invasive biomarkers. At present, the comparability of urinary proteomics data across diverse liquid chromatography−mass spectrometry (LC-MS) platforms remains an area that requires investigation. In this study, we conduct a comprehensive evaluation of urinary proteome across multiple LC-MS platforms. To systematically analyze and assess the quality of large-scale urinary proteomics data, we develop a comprehensive quality control (QC) system named MSCohort, which extracted 81 metrics for individual experiment and the whole cohort quality evaluation. Additionally, we present a standard operating procedure (SOP) for high-throughput urinary proteome analysis based on MSCohort QC system. Our study involves 20 LC-MS platforms and reveals that, when combined with a comprehensive QC system and a unified SOP, the data generated by data-independent acquisition (DIA) workflow in urine QC samples exhibit high robustness, sensitivity, and reproducibility across multiple LC-MS platforms. Furthermore, we apply this SOP to hybrid benchmarking samples and clinical colorectal cancer (CRC) urinary proteome including 527 experiments. Across three different LC-MS platforms, the analyses report high quantitative reproducibility and consistent disease patterns. This work lays the groundwork for large-scale clinical urinary proteomics studies spanning multiple platforms, paving the way for precision medicine research.
Modulation of Co spin state at Co3O4 crystalline-amorphous interfaces for CO oxidation and N2O decomposition
A principle-based framework to determine countries’ fair warming contributions to the Paris Agreement
Abstract Equity is a cornerstone of global climate policy, yet differing perspectives mean that international agreement on how to allocate mitigation efforts remains elusive. A rich literature informs this question, but a gap remains in approaches that appropriately consider non-CO2 emissions and their warming contributions. In this study, we address this gap and define a global warming budget applicable to all anthropogenic greenhouse gases that is allocated to countries based on principles drawn from international treaties and environmental law. We find that by 2021 a range of 84 to 90 countries, including but not limited to all major developed countries, exhausted their budget share compatible with keeping warming to 1.5 °C (with 50% likelihood) under all allocation approaches considered in this study. A similar picture emerges for limiting warming to 2 °C (with 67% likelihood). A large group of countries will hence exceed their fair shares even if their pledges under the Paris Agreement represent their deepest possible emission reductions. Considerations of fairness should therefore start exploring aspects beyond domestic emissions reductions.
Rescue RM/CS-AKI by blocking strategy with one-dose anti-myoglobin RabMAb
Solvent-dripping modulated 3D/2D heterostructures for high-performance perovskite solar cells
Abstract The controlled growth of two-dimensional (2D) perovskite atop three-dimensional (3D) perovskite films reduces interfacial recombination and impedes ion migration, thus improving the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Unfortunately, the random orientation of the spontaneously formed 2D phase atop the pre-deposited 3D perovskite film can deteriorate charge extraction owing to energetic disorder, limiting the maximum attainable efficiency and long-term stability of the PSCs. Here, we introduce a meta-amidinopyridine ligand and the solvent post-dripping step to generate a highly ordered 2D perovskite phase on the surface of a 3D perovskite film. The reconstructed 2D/3D perovskite interface exhibits reduced energetic disorder and yields cells with improved performance compared with control 2D/3D samples. PSCs fabricated with the meta-amidinopyridine-induced phase-pure 2D perovskite passivation show a maximum power conversion efficiency of 26.05% (a certified value of 25.44%). Under damp heat and outdoor tests, the encapsulated PSCs maintain 82% and 75% of their initial PCE after 1000 h and 840 h, respectively, demonstrating improved practical durability.
Impacts of irrigation expansion on moist-heat stress based on IRRMIP results
Intratumor heterogeneity of HPV integration in HPV-associated head and neck cancer
Genome-wide profiling of tRNA modifications by Induro-tRNAseq reveals coordinated changes
Longitudinal omics data and preclinical treatment suggest the proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib as therapy for ibrutinib-resistant CLL
Abstract Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is a malignant lymphoproliferative disorder for which primary or acquired drug resistance represents a major challenge. To investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms, we generate a mouse model of ibrutinib resistance, in which, after initial treatment response, relapse under therapy occurrs with an aggressive outgrowth of malignant cells, resembling observations in patients. A comparative analysis of exome, transcriptome and proteome of sorted leukemic murine cells during treatment and after relapse suggests alterations in the proteasome activity as a driver of ibrutinib resistance. Preclinical treatment with the irreversible proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib administered upon ibrutinib resistance prolongs survival of mice. Longitudinal proteomic analysis of ibrutinib-resistant patients identifies deregulation in protein post-translational modifications. Additionally, cells from ibrutinib-resistant patients effectively respond to several proteasome inhibitors in co-culture assays. Altogether, our results from orthogonal omics approaches identify proteasome inhibition as potentially attractive treatment for chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients resistant or refractory to ibrutinib.
Temperature seasonality regulates organic carbon burial in lake
Single soliton microcomb combined with optical phased array for parallel FMCW LiDAR
Mechano-gated iontronic piezomemristor for temporal-tactile neuromorphic plasticity
Abstract In bioneuronal systems, the synergistic interaction between mechanosensitive piezo channels and neuronal synapses can convert and transmit pressure signals into complex temporal plastic pulses with excitatory and inhibitory features. However, existing artificial tactile neuromorphic systems struggle to replicate the elaborate temporal plasticity observed between excitatory and inhibitory features in biological systems, which is critical for the biomimetic processing and memorizing of tactile information. Here we demonstrate a mechano-gated iontronic piezomemristor with programmable temporal-tactile plasticity. This system utilizes a bicontinuous phase-transition heterogel as a stiffness-governed iontronic mechanogate to achieve bidirectional piezoresistive signals, resulting in wide-span dynamic tactile sensing. By micro-integrating the mechanogate with an oscillatory iontronic memristor, it exhibits stiffness-induced bipolarized excitatory and inhibitory neuromorphics, thereby enabling the activation of temporal-tactile memory and learning functions (e.g., Bienenstock–Cooper–Munro and Hebbian learning rules). Owing to dynamic covalent bond network and iontronic features, reconfigurable tactile plasticity can be achieved. Importantly, bridging to bioneuronal interfaces, these systems possess the capacity to construct a biohybrid perception-actuation circuit. We anticipate that such temporal plastic piezomemristor devices for abiotic-biotic interfaces can serve as promising hardware systems for interfacing dynamic tactile behaviors into diverse neuromodulations.
Disorder-induced enhancement of lithium-ion transport in solid-state electrolytes
Abstract Enhancing the ion conduction in solid electrolytes is critically important for the development of high-performance all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Lithium thiophosphates are among the most promising solid electrolytes, as they exhibit superionic conductivity at room temperature. However, the lack of comprehensive understanding of their ion conduction mechanism, especially the effect of structural disorder on ionic conductivity, is a long-standing problem that limits further innovations in all-solid-state LIBs. Here, we address this challenge by establishing and employing a deep learning potential to simulate Li3PS4 electrolyte systems with varying levels of disorder. The results show that disorder-driven diffusion dynamics significantly enhances the room-temperature conductivity. We further establish bridges between dynamical characteristics, local structural features, and atomic rearrangements by applying a machine learning-based structure fingerprint termed “softness”. This metric allows the classification of the disorder-induced “soft” hopping lithium ions. Our findings offer insights into ion conduction mechanisms in complex disordered structures, thereby contributing to the development of superior solid-state electrolytes for LIBs.
Sensitive dependence of pairing symmetry on Ni-eg crystal field splitting in the nickelate superconductor La3Ni2O7
LDPC-cat codes for low-overhead quantum computing in 2D
Abstract The main obstacle to large scale quantum computing are the errors present in every physical qubit realization. Correcting these errors requires a large number of additional qubits. Two main avenues to reduce this overhead are (i) low-density parity check (LDPC) codes requiring very few additional qubits to correct errors (ii) cat qubits where bit-flip errors are exponentially suppressed by design. In this work, we combine both approaches to obtain an extremely low overhead architecture. Assuming a physical phase-flip error probability ϵ ≈ 0.1% per qubit and operation, one hundred logical qubits can be implemented on a 758 cat qubit chip, with a total logical error probability per cycle and per logical qubit ϵ L ≤ 10−8. Our architecture also features two major advantages. First, the hardware implementation of the code can be realised with short-range qubit interactions in 2D and low-weight stabilizers, under constraints similar to those of the popular surface code architecture. Second, we demonstrate how to implement a fault-tolerant universal set of logical gates with an additional layer of routing cat qubits stacked on top of the LDPC layer, while maintaining the local connectivity. Furthermore, our architecture benefits from a high capacity of parallelization for these logical gates.