Browse Articles

Aqueous-based recycling of perovskite photovoltaics

Abstract Cumulative silicon photovoltaic (PV) waste highlights the importance of considering waste recycling before the commercialization of emerging PV technologies1,2. Perovskite PVs are a promising next-generation technology3, in which recycling their end-of-life waste can reduce the toxic waste and retain resources4,5. Here we report a low-cost, green-solvent-based holistic recycling strategy to restore all valuable components from perovskite PV waste. We develop an efficient aqueous-based perovskite recycling approach that can also rejuvenate degraded perovskites. We further extend the scope of recycling to charge-transport layers, substrates, cover glasses and metal electrodes. After repeated degradation–recycling processes, the recycled devices show similar efficiency and stability compared with the fresh devices. Our holistic recycling strategy reduces by 96.6% resource depletion and by 68.8% human toxicity (cancer effects) impacts associated with perovskite PVs compared with the landfill treatment. With recycling, the levelized cost of electricity also decreases for both utility-scale and residential systems. This study highlights unique opportunities of perovskite PVs for holistic recycling and paves the way for a sustainable perovskite solar economy.

Design of a tunable multichannel terahertz absorber in one-dimensional photonic crystals incorporating a Dirac semimetal-dielectric defect layer

Understanding key population drivers of the spotted wing Drosophila in cultivated and natural areas in the Andes

The structure of bad cholesterol comes into focus

Design of parallel cascade controller for nonlinear continuous stirred tank reactor

Abstract This work presents an approach to control the temperature of a nonlinear continuous stirred tank reactor (NCSTR) through parallel cascade control structure (PCCS). For the first time, PCCS is used to control the temperature of NCSTR by (1) modelling the dynamic behavior of CSTR with a recirculating jacket heat transfer system into a third order unstable transfer function and (2) using the model matching technique to synthesize the controller parameters. The controller of the secondary loop of PCCS is designed to achieve enhanced regulatory performance whereas, the primary loop controller is designed for better setpoint tracking. The closed loop performance of the proposed method is evaluated by carrying out simulation on the differential equation of the NCSTR and comparing it with other structures such as series cascade control structure (CCS) and parallel control structure (PCS). The response shows that the proposed method provides satisfactory performance in nominal, perturbed and noisy conditions.

Neoadjuvant Modified Infusional Fluorouracil, Leucovorin, and Oxaliplatin With or Without Radiation Versus Fluorouracil Plus Radiation for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: Updated Results of the FOWARC Study After a Median Follow-Up of 10 Years

We present 10-year results of the phase Ⅲ FOWARC trial, which evaluated the efficacy of modified infusional fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin (mFOLFOX6) with or without radiation compared with fluorouracil with radiation in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. A total of 495 patients age 18-75 years with stage Ⅱ-Ⅲ rectal cancer were randomly assigned to three treatment arms: fluorouracil plus radiotherapy, mFOLFOX6 plus radiotherapy, or mFOLFOX6 alone, followed by surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. With a median follow-up of 10 years, the 10-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 52.5%, 62.6%, and 60.5%, respectively ( P = .56). The 10-year locoregional recurrence (LR) rates were 10.8%, 8.0%, and 9.6% ( P = .57), and the 10-year overall survival (OS) rates were 65.9%, 72.3%, and 73.4% ( P = .90). Subgroup analysis identified ypTNM stage as a significant prognostic factor for DFS, LR, and OS ( P < .0001, P < .006, P < .0001, respectively). Patients achieving pathologic complete response had 10-year DFS, LR, and OS rates of 84.3%, 3.0%, and 92.4%, respectively. No significant difference was observed in long-term survival outcome between mFOLFOX6 with and without radiation and fluorouracil plus radiation. These results demonstrate that neoadjuvant mFOLFOX6 chemotherapy can be considered as a therapeutic option in LARC.

A study of the purchase intention of alternative foods

ReNeu: A Pivotal, Phase IIb Trial of Mirdametinib in Adults and Children With Symptomatic Neurofibromatosis Type 1-Associated Plexiform Neurofibroma

PURPOSE Pharmacologic therapies for neurofibromatosis type 1-associated plexiform neurofibromas (NF1-PNs) are limited; currently, none are US Food and Drug Administration–approved for adults. METHODS ReNeu is an open-label, multicenter, pivotal, phase IIb trial of mirdametinib in 58 adults (≥18 years of age) and 56 children (2 to 17 years of age) with NF1-PN causing significant morbidities. Patients received mirdametinib capsules or tablets for oral suspension (2 mg/m 2 twice daily, maximum 4 mg twice daily), regardless of food intake, in 3 weeks on/1 week off 28-day cycles. The primary end point was confirmed objective response rate (ORR; proportion of patients with a ≥20% reduction of target PN volume from baseline on consecutive scans during the 24-cycle treatment phase) assessed by blinded independent central review (BICR) of volumetric magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS Twenty-four of 58 adults (41%) and 29 of 56 children (52%) had a BICR-confirmed objective response during the 24-cycle treatment phase; in addition, two adults and one child had confirmed responses during long-term follow-up. Median (range) target PN volumetric best response was –41% (−90 to 13) in adults and –42% (−91 to 48) in children. Both cohorts reported significant and clinically meaningful improvement in patient- or parent proxy-reported outcome measures of worst tumor pain severity, pain interference, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) that began early and were sustained during treatment. The most commonly reported treatment-related adverse events were dermatitis acneiform, diarrhea, and nausea in adults and dermatitis acneiform, diarrhea, and paronychia in children. CONCLUSION In ReNeu, the largest multicenter NF1-PN trial reported to date, mirdametinib treatment demonstrated significant confirmed ORRs by BICR, deep and durable PN volume reductions, and early, sustained, and clinically meaningful improvement in pain and HRQOL. Mirdametinib was well-tolerated in adults and children.

Mortality rates in physician staffed ground vs. air ambulance for severe trauma patients: retrospective analysis of the Japanese nationwide trauma registry

Redefining Available Therapy in Oncology Accelerated Approval Decisions

When weighing rapid approval for follow-on drugs, should @FDAOncology recognize the drugs that came before?

Fine description of natural fractures in the tight sandstone reservoir of the Yanchang reservoirs in the southern Ordos Basin

Human Leukocyte Antigen Mismatching and the Role of Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor Mismatch in Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Hematologic Malignancies

PI3Kα-specific inhibitor BYL-719 synergizes with cisplatin in vitro in PIK3CA-mutated ovarian cancer cells

Reply to: Human Leukocyte Antigen Mismatching and the Role of Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor Mismatch in Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Hematologic Malignancies

AquaYOLO: Advanced YOLO-based fish detection for optimized aquaculture pond monitoring

Abstract Aquaculture plays an important role in ensuring global food security, supporting economic growth, and protecting natural resources. However, traditional methods of monitoring aquatic environments are time-consuming and labor-intensive. To address this, there is growing interest in using computer vision for more efficient aqua monitoring. Fish detection is a key challenging step in these vision-based systems, as it faces challenges such as changing light conditions, varying water clarity, different types of vegetation, and dynamic backgrounds. To overcome these challenges, we introduce a new model called AquaYOLO, an optimized model specifically designed for aquaculture applications. The backbone of AquaYOLO employs CSP layers and enhanced convolutional operations to extract hierarchical features. The head enhances feature representation through upsampling, concatenation, and multi-scale fusion. The detection head uses a precise 40 × 40 scale for box regression and dropping the final C2f layer to ensure accurate localization. To test the AquaYOLO model, we utilize DePondFi dataset (Detection of Pond Fish) collected from aquaponds in South India. DePondFi dataset contains around 50k bounding box annotations across 8150 images. Proposed AquaYOLO model performs well, achieving a precision, recall and mAP@50 of 0.889, 0.848, and 0.909 respectively. Our model ensures efficient and affordable fish detection for small-scale aquaculture.

Hydrogen escaping from a pair of exoplanets smaller than Neptune

Comment on the Definition and Interpretation of Complete Mesocolic Excision in the RELARC Trial

Quality of life and clinical data in hemodialysis patients with different degrees of pruritus

Treatment Intensification With Either Fludarabine, AraC, G-CSF and Idarubicin, or Cladribine Plus Daunorubicin and AraC on the Basis of Residual Disease Status in Older Patients With AML: Results From the NCRI AML18 Trial

PURPOSE To evaluate the survival benefit of chemotherapy intensification in older patients with AML who have not achieved a measurable residual disease (MRD)–negative remission. METHODS Five hundred twenty-three patients with AML (median age, 67 years; range, 51-79) without a flow cytometric MRD-negative remission response after a first course of daunorubicin and AraC (DA; including 165 not in remission) were randomly assigned between up to two further courses of DA or intensified chemotherapy—either fludarabine, cytarabine, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and idarubicin (FLAG-Ida) or DA with cladribine (DAC). RESULTS Overall survival (OS) was not improved in the intensification arms (DAC v DA: hazard ratio [HR], 0.74 [95% CI, 0.55 to 1.01]; P = .054; FLAG-Ida v DA: HR, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.66 to 1.12]; P = .270); OS at 3 years was 34%, 46%, and 42% for DA, DAC, and FLAG-Ida, respectively. Early deaths and other adverse events were more frequent with FLAG-Ida (9% day 60 deaths v 4% after DA or DAC; P = .032). Of patients entering random assignment, 131 had MRD unknown status. In this subgroup of patients lacking evidence of residual leukemia by flow cytometry, there was no detectable survival advantage from intensification. A planned sensitivity analysis excluding these patients demonstrated a survival benefit for both DAC (HR, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.46 to 0.93]; P = .018) and FLAG-Ida (HR, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.53 to 0.98]; P = .035); OS at 3 years was 30%, 46%, and 46% for DA, DAC, and FLAG-Ida, respectively. There was a concordant reduction in relapse (DAC v DA: HR, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.45 to 0.98]; P = .039; FLAG-Ida v DA: HR, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.49 to 0.99]; P = .042). DAC benefit was maintained when survival was censored for transplant ( P = .042). CONCLUSION In this study of older patients with AML considered fit and with evidence of residual disease after first induction, chemotherapy intensification improved survival. DAC intensification was better tolerated than FLAG-Ida.

Morning sprint interval training produces greater physical performance adaptations than evening training in soccer players