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Spatially confined chloride passivation for efficient and stable green ZnSeTe quantum-dot light-emitting diodes

ZnSeTe quantum-dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) are attractive for cadmium-free green displays, but their performance is limited by surface-trap-assisted nonradiative recombination and interfacial instability. Herein, we report a spatially confined chloride-passivation strategy to improve both the efficiency and operational stability of green ZnSeTe QLEDs. Chloride ions introduced by ZnCl2 passivate under-coordinated surface sites of ZnSeTe quantum dots, while polyvinylpyrrolidone anchors the passivated surface and suppresses field-induced chloride migration. This synergistic treatment reduces the trap-state density in the emitting layer by more than 50% and improves interfacial charge recombination. The optimized devices achieve a maximum external quantum efficiency of 19.8% and a peak luminance of 32 933 cd m−2 at 6.0 V. More importantly, the operational lifetime reaches 188.9 h at an initial luminance of 1000 cd m−2, representing an approximately 60-fold enhancement over the untreated device. These results demonstrate that polymer-confined halide passivation is an effective interfacial engineering approach for efficient and stable cadmium-free ZnSeTe QLEDs.

Molecular detection and characterization of Parrot Bornavirus 4 (PaBV-4) in captive psittacine birds in India

Magnetization reversal mechanism of double-helix nanowires probed by dark-field magneto-optical Kerr effect

Double-helix (DH) nanowires provide a platform to study the influence of geometric chirality on spin chirality. Their three-dimensional (3D) helical architecture and tunable inter-strand coupling enable control of spin chirality, including the stabilization of topological 3D magnetic states such as helical domains and domain walls, topological stray fields, and extended helical vortex/skyrmion tubes. So far, the study of these and other 3D nanostructures is usually confined to a limited number of magnetic microscopy experiments in large facilities. Here, we investigate the reversal mechanism of a single DH nanowire using dark-field magneto-optical Kerr effect (DF-MOKE) magnetometry under external 3D magnetic fields. By analyzing the angular dependence of the DF-MOKE signal, we fit the reversal process using established models for domain-wall nucleation and propagation, finding a characteristic behavior similar to that reported for cylindrical nanowires. Micromagnetic simulations indicate that the reversal process goes through nucleation of the helical vortex tube in a curling manner, while ptychographic x-ray magnetic circular dichroism data reveal that this helical vortex tube state forms through a mixed nucleation-propagation process. These observations provide a consistent microscopic picture of reversal mediated by a helical vortex tube extending along the nanowire. Our work provides a comprehensive characterization of magnetization reversal in DH nanowires and demonstrates that DF-MOKE magnetometry is effective for probing reversal mechanisms in single 3D nanostructures. This lab-based approach expands the range of accessible experiments beyond large-scale facilities, enabling extensive exploration of the rich spin states supported by 3D nano-geometries.

E2C2AKA: enhanced ECC-based authentication and key agreement for securing communication in electric vehicle charging systems

Multi-line LiDAR 3D construction environment modeling and BIM consistency update method for digital twins

One‐Step Radical‐Intensified Selective Etching (RISE) Strategy for High‐Yield Synthesis of Monolayer MXene with Tailored Nanoholes

ABSTRACT MXenes have gathered immense scientific attention due to their unique combination of high electronic conductivity, hydrophilicity, and reduced dimensionality. While considerable advances in synthetic methodologies, achieving rapid, high‐yield production of dispersible monolayer MXenes with controllable in‐plane structure remains a daunting challenge. Herein, we report an ultrafast radical‐intensified selective etching (RISE) tactic that enables one‐step mild synthesis of monolayer Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene bearing customized in‐plane nanoholes with near‐quantitative etching efficiency (∼99.9%) within merely 3 h. By fine‐tuning the dosage of H 2 O 2 , which generates hydroxyl radicals ( · OH) in situ, defect‐lean monolayer MXene was made in a high yield of 81.6%. Liters of such colloidal dispersion of monolayer MXene were obtained within hours, which could be readily processed into conductive films with improved oxidation resistance. Mechanistic studies reveal that the RISE protocol follows a radical‐driven redox pathway fundamentally distinct from traditional proton‐mediated etching routes. As a proof of concept, holey MXene‐derived conductive films demonstrated an exceptional desalination capacity of 32.71 mg g −1 in capacitive deionization, outperforming most pure MXene‐based electrode materials. Our method can potentially revolutionize the prevailing wet chemical etching protocol used for a decade for yielding monolayer MXene and establishes a swift pathway toward customizable MXene architectures for energy and environmental applications.

Development of high-performance sustainable epoxy bio-composites reinforced with banana fibre and marine shell-derived calcium carbonate filler

Chirality‐Induced Spin Optimization in Lead‐Free Metal‐Halide Hybrids for High‐Performance Flexible X‐Ray Detectors

ABSTRACT Lead‐free metal‐halide hybrid x‐ray detectors are fundamentally limited by strong exciton localization and inefficient carrier transport, preventing their deployment in high‐sensitivity flexible imaging systems. Here we establish a chirality‐modulated spin‐engineering strategy that intrinsically overcomes these limitations by quantitatively linking molecular chirality, Rashba spin splitting, carrier transport, and detector performance in a chiral Bi/Sb metal‐halide hybrid series, ( S 1−r R r ‐CHEA) 4 (Bi 0.5 Sb 0.5 ) 2 I 10 (CHEA = 1‐cyclohexylethylamine), where the enantiomeric ratio functions as a continuous structural control parameter. Homochiral assemblies maximize inversion‐symmetry breaking, producing a giant Rashba coefficient up to 0.41 eV Å −1 and enabling long‐lived (> 1 ns) spin polarization that suppresses excitonic localization. As a result, the exciton binding energy decreases by 42% while the carrier mobility–lifetime product ( μτ ) increases fourfold, establishing an intrinsic spin‐modulated transport mechanism in lead‐free metal‐halide hybrids. Flexible detectors fabricated from the optimized homochiral composition exhibit deformation‐invariant x‐ray imaging with a record sensitivity of 8002 µC Gy −1  cm −2 , an ultralow detection limit of 75 nGy s −1 , and exceptional robust endurance under couples of stresses including thermal, humidity, mechanical, and irradiation. This work identifies molecular chirality as a programmable handle to control spin–orbit interactions and carrier dynamics, providing a general materials‐level strategy for high‐performance, environmentally benign radiation detectors and spin‐enabled optoelectronics.

Polyacrylamide hybridized double networks with polysaccharides and zinc oxide nanoparticles as a Novel approach for removing animal glue stain from paper manuscripts

Abstract Animal glue stains are commonly found in manuscripts, and their removal is a delicate process that requires selective treatment to avoid damaging the fragile cellulose fibers. Therefore, this study developed a novel hybrid double network hydrogel (HDNH) consisting of synthetic polymer (Polyacrylamide), natural polymers (Agarose or sodium alginate), and Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) for removing animal glue stains from paper manuscripts. The cleaning mechanism relies on the capillary HDNH to draw the aged animal glue into the gel matrix. To establish the suitability of this HDNH as a paper-cleaning material, the gels were first characterized physicochemically and microstructurally, and the HDNH formulation was confirmed. At the same time, mechanical, physicochemical, morphological, optical, and wettability techniques were performed on the paper samples under investigation, both before and after the cleaning treatment, to evaluate the HDNHs’ cleaning capabilities. The results show that the Polyacrylamide/Agarose/ZnONPs (HDNH/Ag/ZnONPs) provide superior performance in removing most of the accumulated glue layers while maintaining the structural and chemical integrity of the paper substrate. Agarose provides a very rigid, highly porous structure with a superior capacity to retain water, preventing the paper from becoming waterlogged. Polyacrylamide provides flexibility and mechanical durability, allowing the hydrogel to be peeled off in one piece.

Three-dimensional numerical simulation of progressive rock caving using a tension-driven iterative element-removal method

Machine Learning Accelerates Crystallization for Structure Determination

ABSTRACT Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (SCXRD) is a powerful tool for structural elucidation, but requires high‐quality crystals that are often difficult to obtain. The crystalline mate strategy helps overcome this limitation by facilitating the co‐crystallization of volatile or complex molecules, with few restrictions on size or purity. However, defining its scope of applicability remains challenging, until now requiring experimental trial‐and‐error screening. Here, we demonstrate a machine learning (ML)‐accelerated workflow that rapidly identifies suitable candidates for co‐crystallization. Through feature engineering and workflow optimization, we trained the MCC model, achieving over 95% prediction accuracy. Experimental validation confirmed 114 successful co‐crystals among 120 predicted compounds. The wide structural and functional diversity exhibited highlights the robustness and broad applicability of our strategy, enabling efficient discovery of new structures by SCXRD under standard laboratory conditions.

Pelvic floor disorders and body image concerns as determinants of sexual desire during pregnancy

Role of HIV-1 in IL-8 response of human stellate cells to gram-positive microbial products

Correction: Human adipose stem cell-derived exosomes modulate the transcriptome of d-galactose-induced neuronal cells

Sequence‐Encoded Frustration Directs the Formation of Abridged G‐Quadruplex Architectures

ABSTRACT Frustration—competing interactions that cannot be simultaneously optimized—shapes energy landscapes in proteins and soft matter, but has rarely been exploited as a programmable design principle in nucleic acids. Here we demonstrate that sequence‐encoded frustration programmes DNA G‐quadruplex folding, yielding stable “abridged” architectures with fewer guanine tetrads than the sequence would nominally permit. Using an integrated structural, spectroscopic, thermodynamic, and computational approach, we map a frustration‐biased folding landscape featuring a thermodynamically stabilized G‐triplex intermediate, whose identity we assign via TD‐DFT computed electronic circular dichroism spectra, and resolve the dominant unfolding pathway at atomic resolution. These results demonstrate programmable frustration as a predictive design principle for controlling nucleic acid topology and dynamics, offering new strategies for engineering functional DNA‐based systems and for interpreting genomic G‐quadruplex plasticity.

Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding acupuncture among patients with knee osteoarthritis: a path analysis

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are reduced and dysfunctional in acute melioidosis

Abstract Burkholderia pseudomallei (BP), the causative agent of melioidosis, is a major cause of sepsis in Southeast Asia, especially in people with diabetes mellitus (DM). The role of Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells; innate-like T cells important for antibacterial immunity; in melioidosis is unknown. We measured MAIT cell activation by BP in vitro using co-culture assays with THP-1 cells, and evaluated MAIT cell frequency, activation, and function ex vivo in an observational cohort (n = 120) of melioidosis patients and endemic controls with and without DM in Thailand. We show that BP induces IFN-γ secretion by MAIT cells in a cytokine dependent manner. In acute melioidosis, circulating MAIT cells, particularly the double-negative (DN) subset, were significantly reduced, and highly activated but dysfunctional, with reduced IFN-γ responses to BP and E. coli which were restored upon recovery. Among acute patients, non-survivors showed lower granzyme B and IFN-γ expression. Acute melioidosis patients with DM co-morbidity exhibited reduced DN MAIT cell frequency and responses to E. coli compared to non-DM patients. Overall, the frequency and function of MAIT cells is impaired during acute melioidosis, especially in patients with DM, indicating a key role for these cells in antibacterial defence and disease susceptibility.

Thermally Controlled Chiral Supramolecular Polymorphism in Water

ABSTRACT Biological assemblies such as proteins adapt their helical morphology and function in response to external stimuli, yet controlled polymorphic transitions in synthetic chiral supramolecular analogues remain poorly understood. Herein, we demonstrate a strategy to achieve controlled chiral supramolecular polymorphism in water by coupling molecular design with external stimuli. An unsymmetrical oligo(phenyleneethynylene) derivative 1 bearing a pyridine unit, a hydrogen‐bonding amide group, and chiral hydrophilic side chains self‐assembles into three distinct chiral supramolecular polymorphs in water that are stable at different temperature regimes. At room temperature (RT), 1 self‐assembles into short cylinders ( AggI ), which undergo a polymorphic transition to transient double helical fibers upon heating around the LCST ( AggII , ≈ 325 K) and ultimately to irregular planar aggregates ( AggIII ) above the LCST. Remarkably, the polymorphic transitions are linked to the temperature‐dependent conformation and degree of dehydration of the glycol chains. Although AggII exists only within a narrow temperature window in pristine water, it can be stabilized and isolated at RT through chemical stimuli such as co‐solvents or metal salts that modulate the LCST. Our results establish LCST‐coupled chirality as a powerful strategy to regulate thermoresponsive supramolecular polymorphism and offer potential strategies for the design of adaptive materials.

Determining rock damage strength with acoustic emission monitoring technique in terms of hurst exponent

Stabilizing High‐Activity FeN ₅ Sites via an Adaptive N‐linked Carbon Bilayer for Stable Fuel Cells

ABSTRACT The practical application of Fe‐N‐C catalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cells is fundamentally constrained by the inherent activity‐stability trade‐off. Here, we propose a “repair‐and‐upgrade” engineering strategy that not only repairs pyrolysis‐induced defects through carbon and nitrogen supplementation but also evolves conventional FeN 4 moieties into stabilized FeN 5 configurations via an in situ constructed carbon bilayer. The axial nitrogen modulates the electronic structure of Fe center to enhance catalytic activity, while the adaptive interlayer spacing of the N‐linked carbon bilayer compensates for fluctuations in the axial Fe─N bond length during catalysis, therefore anchoring the Fe active sites. When integrated into membrane electrode assemblies, the catalyst delivers a high peak power density of 1221 mW cm −2 and exhibits exceptional durability, retaining over 85% of its initial power density after 10,000 cycles in H 2 ‐O 2 and showing negligible decay over 45 h at 0.6 V in H 2 ‐air tests. This work presents a novel design strategy for stable single‐atom catalysts, centered on creating an adaptive local environment that ensures exceptional electrocatalytic stability.