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Myco-barrier: edge-orchestrated post-detection mitigation of IoT botnets via an SDN-based virtual dynamic demilitarized zone
Squeezed-light-controlled magnon–photon pair antibunching in a cavity optomagnonic system
We investigate magnon–photon pair antibunching in a cavity optomagnonic system, in which a yttrium iron garnet sphere simultaneously supports two optical modes and a magnon mode and is driven by squeezed light and coherent light. The results illustrate that by applying squeezed light, the conventional magnon–photon pair blockade (CMPPB) originating from anharmonic energy levels and the unconventional magnon–photon pair blockade (UMPPB) induced by destructive quantum interference can coexist in the same platform. Both blockade effects can be flexibly tuned by the driving detuning and the optomagnonic coupling strength. Within the explored parameter regime, the UMPPB exhibits a nontrivial dependence on the driving strengths of coherent light and squeezed light, and bunching regions may also appear. These results provide a tunable framework for controlling magnon–photon pair antibunching, which may be useful for the generation and manipulation of hybrid nonclassical states in cavity optomagnonic systems.
Reservoir computing-based cryptanalysis of structured phase-masked chaos encryption
Interfacial built-in electric field engineering in MnO2/MXene heterostructures for high-performance aqueous ammonium-ion hybrid supercapacitors
Aqueous ammonium-ion hybrid supercapacitors (AAHSCs) have attracted increasing interest owing to their environmental friendliness, low cost, and fast charge/discharge capability. However, the practical application of MXene electrodes is limited by their intrinsic self-stacking behavior, which hinders ion transport and electrochemical utilization. Herein, MnO2 nanosheets were in situ grown on MXene to construct a MnO2/MXene heterostructure with an interfacial built-in electric field (BIEF). The heterointerface effectively suppresses MXene restacking while providing abundant electrochemically active sites for NH4+ storage. Meanwhile, the BIEF induced by the Fermi-level (EF) difference between MnO2 and MXene accelerates charge transfer and facilitates ion diffusion. Benefiting from the synergistic effects of pseudocapacitive Mn2+/Mn4+ redox reactions, hydrogen-bond interactions between NH4+ and oxygen-containing groups, and BIEF-assisted charge transport, the MnO2/MXene electrode delivers a high specific capacitance of 725.5 F g−1 at 1 A g−1. The assembled AAHSC device achieves an energy density of 99.7 Wh kg−1 at 900.7 W kg−1, with 75.9% capacitance retention after 10 000 cycles. This work provides an effective interfacial engineering strategy for developing high-performance ammonium-ion energy storage systems.
Association between ABO blood groups and clinical manifestations and outcomes of COVID-19: a retrospective cross-sectional study in southeast Iran
Hard carbon nanospheres derived from copper-ion-mediated crystalline topological regulation for efficient sodium-ion storage
Modulating graphite lattices in hard carbons derived from artificial organic polymer precursors is critical to achieve highly consistent anode materials for efficient sodium-ion storage. Herein, hard carbon nanospheres with highly disordered and twisted graphite-like lattices were developed by pyrolyzing a Cu-coordinated polymer with bisimide–pyridine ligands as a precursor. Results demonstrate that incorporating Cu ion in the precursor not only effectively alters the morphology of the correspondingly obtained carbons from bulk to nanospheres, but also enables the transformation from ordered graphite lattices to a disordered structure, resulting in significantly improved sodium storage. The optimized hard carbons feature uniform nanospheres with an expanded interlayer spacing (0.386 nm) and limited graphitic stacking (∼3 layers), exhibiting a high reversible capacity of 365.64 mAh g−1 with a remarkable plateau capacity of 208.96 mAh g−1 (< 0.1 V), along with a high rate performance (215.58 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1) and cycling stability for up to 5000 cycles, outperforming the carbon obtained without Cu2+ and a majority of previously reported hard carbons derived from artificial polymers. Moreover, theoretical calculations reveal that the appropriate interlayer spacing and graphite stacking layers are crucial for efficient Na+ storage. This Cu-induced hard carbon nanosphere from an artificial precursor provides a new route for modulating the graphite lattices of hard carbons for efficient sodium-ion storage.
Directional motion of a self-steering active intruder in a dense crowd of cognitive active agents
Abstract The fast and efficient directed motion of particles through crowded environments is challenging problem. In this work, the surface-bound motion of an intruder in a crowd of identical active agents is studied by overdamped Langevin dynamics simulations. Both intruder and agents are modeled as intelligent active Brownian particles (iABPs) with visual perception and directional steering to avoid collisions - which implies non-reciprocal interactions between all particles. The reorientation of intruder and agents is limited by their maximal maneuverability, which controls the ability of an iABP to adjust its velocity direction. The simulation results show that the intruder’s attempt to increase directional speed by steering around agents fails; in fact, this even reduces the directional speed. In contrast, the intruder has to be perceived by the agents so that they can move out of the way in time. The intruder speed and transverse diffusivity are determined as functions of several key control parameters, like maneuverability, vision angle, and agent density. Here, an important parameter is the uniformity of the agent distribution. It is shown that the agent’s self-steering to avoid collision enhances hyperuniformity (class III), which facilitates an easier directional navigation of the intruder. Results are relevant, inter alia, for the motion of emergency personnel in semi-dense human crowds.
A visibly clear radiative cooling film with high sub-bandgap reflectance for enhancing solar cell performance
The performance of solar cells (SCs), including the photoelectric conversion efficiency and lifespan, significantly degrades with increasing operating temperature. Spectral-selective radiators with high visible transparency and strong infrared thermal emission offer a practical way to reduce temperatures and enhance SC performance. However, conventional radiators for SCs generally exhibit high transmittance across the entire solar spectrum (0.38–4.0 μm), thereby failing to reflect sub-bandgap (1.1–4.0 μm) irradiance, which can lead to parasitic heating. Herein, we propose a tri-band modulated film (TMF) that is visibly clear, highly reflective under sub-bandgap irradiation, and exhibits strong radiative cooling, thereby enhancing the performance of SCs. The proposed TMF exhibits 90.1% transmittance in the 0.38–1.1 μm range, 81.3% reflectivity the in 1.1–4.0 μm range, and an emissivity of 0.95 in the 6–20 μm range, enabling reduced temperatures and enhanced SC performance. Theoretical analysis and numerical modelling results demonstrate that, compared to glass encapsulation, the TMF reduces the SC operating temperature by 6.13 K and improves the relative photoelectric conversion efficiency by 2.40%, while maintaining stable performance across a wide range of incident angles of solar irradiation. Under practical weather conditions, the TMF reduces the bare-cell temperature by 15.22 K, accompanied by a 4.55% increase in power output. The current TMF provides a highly efficient spectral engineering-based thermal management strategy to enhance SC performance.
Smart grid integration by optimizing energy, carbon, and production in industrial systems with contextual reinforcement learning
Extrinsic origin of nonreciprocal resistance in a non-chiral organic superconductor
We investigate nonreciprocal conductivity in the superconducting state of the molecular conductor κ-(BEDT-TTF)2Cu[N(CN)2]Cl. Although the material is neither chiral nor polar, we have observed nonreciprocal resistance proportional to the applied current and in-plane magnetic field, which is comparable with that of gate-induced superconducting MoS2. However, we find that this nonreciprocal resistance exhibits significant sample dependence, with even its sign varying. Furthermore, within the same sample, its magnitude and sign varied depending on the measurement location, suggesting the existence of nonreciprocal resistance governed by a mechanism distinct from the Rashba effect in polar superconductors. The increase in nonreciprocal resistance due to current terminals with high contact resistance suggests the Nernst effect, arising from slight temperature gradients along the out-of-plane direction, as its origin. Utilizing this, we successfully increased the nonreciprocal coefficient by up to approximately twofold by processing the sample into a nonuniform shape.
Research on a high-reliability-guided hierarchical dynamic optimal scheduling method for photovoltaic systems
Dual‐Site Substitution With Single Te Atoms in MoS <sub>2</sub> Boosting Hydrogen Evolution
ABSTRACT Heteroatom substitution is a promising strategy to enhance hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity of MoS 2 , yet synergistically activating both its basal plane and edge sites remains challenging. Herein, we report a dual‐site substitution of both Mo and S with tellurium in the MoS 2 lattice (Te‐MoS 2 ), which achieves a superior large‐current‐density HER performance in acidic electrolyte, surpassing all previously reported single‐element‐doped MoS 2 with nonmetal or non‐precious metal. The Te‐MoS 2 catalyst requires an overpotential of only 364 mV to achieve an industrial‐level current density of 1000 mA·cm −2 , significantly lower than 506 mV required by commercial 20 wt% Pt/C, and maintains this performance stably for 200 h without decay. Comprehensive analyses reveal that the simultaneous substitution of Mo and S with Te atoms activates neighboring S atoms and also promotes the formation of smaller, edge‐rich MoS 2 nanosheets, thereby generating abundant basal plane and edge S active sites with optimized hydrogen adsorption energy.
Deep-depleted P+– <i>v</i> –N+ HgCdTe focal plane arrays for high-operating-temperature LWIR detection
Achieving the simultaneous optimization of quantum efficiency (QE) and dark current remains a formidable challenge for high-operating-temperature (HOT) long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) detectors. Conventional approaches to suppress Auger recombination typically aim to achieve full depletion of the absorber. However, the depletion width in practical HgCdTe devices is limited by residual background doping, often requiring absorber thinning to realize full depletion, which reduces the available absorption volume and hence quantum efficiency. In this work, we demonstrate a deep-depleted P+–v–N+ HgCdTe architecture that effectively alleviates this trade-off at the focal plane array (FPA) level. By integrating Silvaco technology computer-aided design modeling with high-precision molecular beam epitaxy, we realized a 128 × 128 FPA with a 15 μm pitch, a practical absorber thickness of ∼4.85 μm, and ultra-low v-type doping. The device exhibits a high QE of 61.48% at 77 K, together with a dark-current density approximately 85% below the empirical Rule 07 benchmark at 130 K. Arrhenius analysis over 80–130 K reveals a sub-bandgap activation energy of ∼109.5 meV, markedly lower than the Rule 07-derived value (∼154.6 meV), confirming effective suppression of intrinsic Auger recombination. In addition, the FPA maintains excellent operability (&gt;99.3%) and a stable noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD &lt; 20 mK) at elevated temperatures. These results demonstrate a practical route toward high-performance HOT LWIR imaging by approaching the low-dark-current regime of fully depleted devices in an array-level implementation.
Investigating the impact of irradiation on various ringFET-based SRAM circuits using 3D TCAD
Reversible Structural Transformation Between a Hopf Link and a Solomon Link
ABSTRACT By utilizing the chemical reactivity of Ag(I) ions under mild conditions, we successfully demonstrated the reversible topological transformation between a Hopf link and a Solomon link. A macrocycle and a Hopf link were synthesized through the template‐free self‐assembly of a semirigid ligand through the adjustment of the length of the binuclear building blocks. The introduction of Ag(I) ions facilitated the topological transformation of the macrocycle and the Hopf link into Solomon link assemblies. In contrast, the Solomon links reverted to the macrocycle and the Hopf link when Ag(I) ions were reduced under sunlight irradiation or when Ag(I) ions were reacted with chloride ions, which was accompanied by a conformational change in the semirigid ligand. In addition, the diverse coordination geometry of the Ag(I) ion led to the metal‐ion‐templated assembly of the bipyridyl chelating ligand with the binuclear Cp*Rh acceptor B3 , resulting in two assemblies: A Solomon link and a Hopf link, with the Solomon link eventually transforming into the Hopf link over time. This work not only highlights the construction of a Solomon link using Ag(I) ions as templates, but also presents, for the first time, a process of topological transformation between a Hopf link and a Solomon link.
Hole trapping and emission behavior near the valence band edge at an AlSiO/ <i>p</i> -type GaN interface revealed by repeated temperature-dependent <i>C</i> – <i>V</i> measurements
Bias instability associated with traps near the valence band edge at gate dielectric/p-type GaN interfaces poses a serious reliability concern for GaN metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors although origins of hole traps are still unclear. This study demonstrates an isolation of trap components with interface states and near-interface traps (NITs) at an AlSiO/p-type GaN interface by analyzing the hole emission process as a function of temperature and sweep time. The gate dielectric was a 40 nm-thick AlSiO film deposited by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition at 250 °C and annealed at 400 °C in nitrogen gas. The capacitance–voltage (C–V) characteristics exhibited a significant plateau and no hole accumulation in the valence band of GaN, indicating a high density of interface traps at approximately 0.8 eV above the valence band maximum of GaN. After the first reverse C–V sweep, the subsequent forward sweep showed a large negative shift (hysteresis) that largely persisted in the following reverse sweeps. At elevated temperatures and with slower sweep rates, the shift was partially reduced (recovered); however, a residual shift remained. An Arrhenius analysis of the recovered component yielded an activation energy of approximately 0.8 eV, which was consistent with the Fermi-level pinning position, suggesting that the thermally recovered component is governed by hole emission from interface states. In contrast, the persistent residual shift suggested a negligibly emitting component, i.e., NITs. We, thus, isolated the contribution of interface states from NITs in the hole emission process.
Biosynthesis of ecofriendly antibacterial nanoparticles with healing effects in a murine diabetic skin infection model
Abstract Diabetes mellitus is a global concern with complications including recurrent skin infections and poor wound healing. The involvement of multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR) in skin infections renders them challenging. Nanoparticles such as silver, zinc oxide, and chitosan-based nanoparticles offer a promise for combating the growing threat of MDR bacteria by employing unique mechanisms that bypass recognized antibiotic resistance pathways. Therefore, this study reports the eco-friendly synthesis of silver (AgNPs), zinc oxide (ZnONPs), and chitosan-tripolyphosphate nanoparticles (Cs-TPP-NPs) using green tea extract (GTE) and gamma irradiation. AgNPs exhibited the highest antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacy among the tested preparations, as reflected by their lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values against four bacterial strains associated with diabetic foot ulcers, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Escherichia coli , methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and Streptococcus pyogenes . The killing activity of AgNPs was fast acting against all tested bacteria with > 10 log 10 CFU/mL reduction in 2–6 h. The AgNPs-GTE loaded Cs-TPP-NPs combination was assessed for possible mechanisms of action, which revealed its ability to inhibit biofilm formation and compromise bacterial membrane integrity in MRSA and E. coli , leading to increased permeability, intracellular ion leakage, and nucleic acid release. Notable morphological damage to bacterial cells was confirmed by transmission electron microscope (TEM). In vivo, the prepared combination hydrogel promoted healing of skin lesions in a CD1 mouse model of diabetic skin infection lesion within six days, demonstrating strong antibacterial activity with a 4 Log 10 unit reduction in bacterial load compared with the untreated group, and significant decrease in inflammatory marker NF-kB, restoring it to healthy uninfected control levels. Histopathological evaluation of treated tissues showed full epidermal regeneration, enhanced fibroblast proliferation, increased angiogenesis, and the presence of well-organized mature collagen fibers in the dermis, compared to untreated controls. In conclusion, synthesized AgNPs-GTE loaded Cs-TPP-NPs combination offered an effective therapeutic approach for enhancing diabetic skin infection healing.
Operando Imaging Reveals Active Wrinkled Regions for Hydrogen Evolution in MoS <sub>2</sub> Electrocatalysts
ABSTRACT Under operando conditions, how local structural distortion influences electrocatalysis in non‐metallic materials remains poorly understood, largely because charge‐transfer processes and subsequent chemical steps are strongly coupled and difficult to disentangle experimentally. Here, by using operando atomic force microscopy–scanning electrochemical microscopy (AFM‐SECM), we directly identify wrinkled regions in monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) as highly active domains for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Combined local AFM‐SECM and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) imaging further reveal that the enhanced activity is primarily localized at wrinkle edges, where folded edge structures are formed, providing spatially resolved evidence of a local structure–activity relationship. Interestingly, operando electron‐transfer (ET) imaging reveals only limited enhancement of charge‐transfer kinetics in these regions, indicating that the increased HER activity more likely arises from the promotion of subsequent chemical steps rather than from improved electron transfer. These findings provide mechanistic insight into the role of folded edge structures within wrinkled regions in non‐metallic electrocatalysis and offer guidance for the rational design of high‐performance electrocatalytic materials.
Phase transition control in multiple types of topological semimetals by tilt term
In this Letter, we studied the phase transitions between multiple types of various topological semimetals caused by the tilt term and the breaking of emergent inversion-like symmetry and antiunitary particle–hole symmetry. Through calculations and symmetry analysis, we found that, for both the Dirac point and the Weyl point, the transitions between types I, II, and III occurred only when the particle–hole symmetry was broken in this model. Furthermore, when the two types of symmetry breaking coexist in the system, a hybrid Weyl semimetal appears. Finally, we achieved the transformation between type II and type III nodal ring semimetal by regulating the tilt term. This work systematically studied the transformations of multiple types of topological phases in topological semimetal materials and provided theoretical guidance for the prediction and experimental discovery of novel topological materials.