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Associations between life’s essential 8 and preserved ratio impaired spirometry

Efficacy of home-based and inpatient treatment for children and adolescents in psychiatric crisis: A systematic review protocol

Purpose Children and adolescents experiencing psychiatric crises often undergo inpatient treatment, which may limit family involvement, stigmatize young individuals, and impede the application of therapeutic outcomes in their daily lives. This situation can result in increased rates of rehospitalization, the development of chronic conditions, and prolonged hospital stays. Home-based treatment represents a potential alternative to traditional inpatient care. The objective of the planned systematic review is to provide a comprehensive comparison of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of inpatient and home-based treatment modalities, with a particular focus on primary outcome parameters such as psychopathology, family functioning, and social functioning. Furthermore, secondary outcomes, including rates of relapses and rehospitalizations, will be evaluated. Methods The systematic search will be conducted using Medline, Embase, PsycInfo and Cochrane databases, following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The included studies will undergo a rigorous quality assessment using the Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB2) tool for randomized trials and the Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies - of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool for non-randomized studies. Where appropriate, data will be synthesized by meta-analysis using R-Studio and supplemented by sensitivity analyses to assess the robustness of the results. The overall quality of the evidence is assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework. Discussion The planned systematic literature review will provide a synthesis of the current state of research on the comparative effectiveness of both treatment modalities. The objective is to furnish information for the delivery of effective patient care that also represents a cost-efficient solution for the healthcare system. Systematic review registration This review protocol has been registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under the registration number CRD42023458888.

Exploring the influence of polysaccharide on gastrointestinal stability, drug release and formation mechanism of nanoparticles in Zhimu and Huangbai herb pair decoction

IMRMB-Net: A lightweight student behavior recognition model for complex classroom scenarios

With the continuous advancement of education informatization, classroom behavior analysis has become an important tool to improve teaching quality and student learning outcomes. However, student classroom behavior recognition methods still face challenges such as occlusion, small objects, and environmental interference, resulting in low recognition accuracy and lightweight performance. To address the above problems, this study proposes a lightweight student behavior recognition model based on Inverted Residual Mobile Block (IMRMB-Net). Specifically, this study designs a lightweight feature extraction module, IMRMB, from the images of the backbone network to be able to better capture contextual information and improve the recognition of occluded objects while saving computational resources. Using DySample, the neck network reconsiders the initial sampling position and the moving range of the offset from the point sampling perspective to accurately recognize small object behaviors in course scenes. Meanwhile, a new loss function, Focaler-ShapeIoU, is designed in this study, aiming to improve the learning ability and robustness of the model to different samples thus further solving the occlusion problem. Experiments in UK_Dataset show that IMRMB-Net has high accuracy (mAP@50 = 93.3%, mAP@50:95 = 78.7%) and lightweight performance (FPS = 60.37, Params = 7.32MB, GFLOPs = 23.8G). Meanwhile, this study verifies that IMRMB-Net can effectively solve the occlusion problem in classroom scenarios through experiments on the UK_Dataset and SCB_Dataset occlusion subsets. In addition, this study verifies the generalization ability and the ability to recognize small targets of IMRMB-Net on the VisDrone2021 dataset.

Depressed nestling growth during exposure to smoke from distant wildfires

Influence of different host blood meal sources on the reproductive outcomes in Anopheles gambiae: Enhancing fecundity in a mass rearing environment

Identification of blood sources for maximum production of Anopheles mosquitoes is an important consideration for colony maintenance which involves mass rearing. High feeding rates, eggs production, hatching rates, larval, pupal, and adult survivorship are essential parameters to consider when selecting a blood host for mass production of An. gambiae. Here, we investigated the feeding success, reproduction performance and survivorship of An. gambiae when fed on blood from five different hosts: cow, goat, sheep, pig, and chicken compared to human blood. There was significant variations in feeding success (F5, 18 =  35.34, p < .001), egg laying (F 5,18 = 12.57, p < .001), number of eggs laid (F5, 18 = 34.23 p < .001), egg hatchability (F 5, 114 =  37.63, p < .001), pupation time (F 5,18 =  5.532763, p = 0.0029) and pupation rates (F 5,18 =  8.26, p < .001). Feeding success was highest in human blood meal (Mean = 125.25 ±  3.86), followed by pig blood meal (Mean = 123 ±  7.93), with no statistically significant difference between the two. The highest proportion of females that laid eggs were those fed on human blood (Mean =  36.50 ±  2.08) followed by those fed on chicken blood meals (Mean =  27.50 ±  5.44) and then pig blood meal (Mean =  26.25 ±  2.87). The mean number of eggs laid per mosquito was highest among those fed on human blood meal (111.65 ±  5.74) followed by those fed on pig blood meal (100.46 ±  6.36). The most favorable outcomes were observed with human blood for hatchability (88.35 ±  5.61%), pig blood for pupation percentage (Mean =  83.50 ±  4.79), and goat blood for pupation time (9.79 ±  0.41 days). Larval survival rates did not significantly differ among blood meal sources (F 5,92 =  0.13, p = 0.985). Nonetheless, the highest survival rate was observed with pig blood meal (Mean =  0.57 ±  0.11). Survival rates of adult F1 varied significantly across blood meals (F 6,346 = 133.19, p < .001), with human blood meal showing the highest survival rate (Mean =  0.73 ±  0.04). However, pig blood meal (56 days) demonstrated the longest survival period, close to human blood meal (57 days). This study revealed pig blood as an excellent alternative to human blood meal for the mass production of An. gambiae.

Study on the dynamic prediction and optimum regulation scheme of water resource carrying capacity in the yellow river basin

Abstract The dynamic change in regional water resource carrying capacity (WRCC) is an important factor in formulating an optimal water resource allocation scheme. To accurately predict the dynamic change in WRCC and formulate the optimal regulation scheme in a river basin, this paper proposes a diagnostic index system of WRCC based on the mutual feeding mechanism of economic-society, water resources and eco-environment. The multi-methods including support vector machine (SV) and system dynamics (SD), back propagation neural network (BP), etc., were used to construct a quantitative dynamic prediction model for the WRCC. The orthogonal test (OT) method is used to optimize the WRCC regulation scheme. Through simulation, the WRCC in the sub-regions of the Yellow River Basin in 2030, 2035 and 2050 under different scenarios are obtained. The study results show that the WRCC in the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River Basin are overloaded or seriously overloaded before the operation of the Western Line of South-to-North Water Transfer Project (WLSNWTP). Six key driving indexes (unconventional water utilization, water flow into the sea, irrigation water use, irrigation area, industrial added value and water consumption of 10 thousand Yuan (CNY) industrial added value) are selected to carry out orthogonal tests, and the optimal WRCC regulation scheme is obtained in different level years. The present study results have an important reference value for efficient water resource utilization and eco-society development in the Yellow River Basin.

Tuberculosis incidence, deaths and disability-adjusted life years in children and adolescence, 1990–2021: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Background For a long time, eliminating tuberculosis (TB) has been an enormous challenge in global health. We aim to use the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD 2021) to systematically analyze the TB burden in children and adolescents. Methods We used the 2021 GBD to retrieve TB incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) data among people aged 0 to19 years in 204 countries and regions between 1990 to 2021. The data are reported as counts and ratios per 100,000 people and are analyzed by age, sex, location and socio-demographic index (SDI). To quantify the uncertainty of the estimations, we include 95% confidence interval (CI) for each indicator. Results Globally, the TB burden among people under the age of 20 has decreased significantly between 2019 and 2021. The overall incidence of TB among children and adolescents fell by 37.4%, from 2.21(95% UI:1.71–2.76) million in 1990 to 1.38(95% UI:1.06–1.76) million in 2021. Sub-Saharan Africa had the highest increase in TB incidence (302.88, 95% UI: 227.85-385.33). The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR) of TB in females decreased faster than males. The incidence was higher in children under 5 years old and adolescents aged 15 to 19, showing a bimodal pattern. In addition, mortality caused by multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) have increased dramatically in several areas. The mortality rates for MDR-TB and XDR-TB in Eastern Europe are 0.04(95% UI:0.02-0.05) and 0.02(95% UI:0.01-0.03) respectively. Conclusion Although the burden of TB in children and adolescents has decreased globally, the disease remains a major public health concern, especially in countries with low SDI. To accomplish the ultimate aim of TB elimination, we should continue to invest in TB prevention and control, expand health-care infrastructure construction, and advance TB diagnostic, preventive, and treatment technologies.

Single cell transcriptomic analysis of SGLT2 expression supports an indirect or off-target role for the cardioprotective benefits of empagliflozin in heart failure

Nurses’ perspectives on using mobile health applications in southeastern Iran: Awareness, attitude, and obstacles

Introduction Nurses and patients can now ensure access to qualified healthcare using the new opportunities of mobile health (mHealth) applications (or apps). To use its potential effectively, understanding nurses’ use of this technology is crucial. Here, we examined the awareness, attitudes, and obstacles to using mHealth apps among nurses. Methods We applied a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study from 08/04/2023 to 05/10/2023. Cochran’s formula estimated the sample size of 267 nurses. The researchers used a researcher-made questionnaire for data collection. We used descriptive (mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage) and analytical (Pearson and Spearman correlation) statistics for data analysis. Results Most nurses use a smartphone (86%), have an Android operating system installed (82%), and believe that mHealth is useful for nursing (85%), but do not use it for patient care (70.8%). The mean score for awareness, attitude, and obstacles regarding mHealth were 3.74 ±  0.657, 3.49 ±  0.513, and 3.50 ±  0.597 respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between the nurses’ awareness and attitude (r = 0. 289, P < 0.05) and nurses’ awareness and obstacles to using mHealth (r = 0. 171, P < 0.05), but a significant negative correlation between nurses’ attitude and obstacles (r = -0. 031, P < 0.05). Conclusion Despite nurses’ relatively favorable awareness and positive attitude towards the use of mHealth apps, most of them use these technologies for purposes other than patient care. Nurses considered patients’ lack of digital health literacy (DHL) and reluctance to use these technologies as the main obstacles to using mHealth apps. Improving the DHL of users (nurses and especially patients) and providing them with free access to mHealth apps is essential. Ensuring security and making the applications easy to use, as well as educating users, are also important factors. Furthermore, promoting nurses’ understanding of the benefits of mHealth and increasing their willingness to use these technologies is crucial.

Elucidating the role of KCTD10 in coronary atherosclerosis: Harnessing bioinformatics and machine learning to advance understanding

In Vitro and In Silico Antidiabetic Efficacy of Solanum lasiocarpum Dunal Fruit Extract

Exploring the possibility of familiar dietary sources as additional diabetes treatments is crucial, especially considering the financial difficulties related to diabetes mellitus. Using both in vitro and in silico techniques, this work aims to assess the antidiabetic benefits of extract from Solanum lasiocarpum Dunal. The evaluations encompass the ability to scavenge DPPH radicals, inhibition of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, inhibition of DPP-4, cytotoxicity, and glucose absorption kinetics. With an IC50 value of 0.69 ±  0.14 mg/ml, S. lasiocarpum showed encouraging DPPH inhibition. IC50 values of 2.123 ±  0.14 mg/ml inhibited the enzymes α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and DPP-4. Furthermore, a notable increase (P < 0.05) in glucose uptake by L6 myoblasts was observed with the administration of various combinations. In silico analysis, including XP docking and MM-GBSA, revealed that 10 and 21 compounds within the combination exhibited substantial interactions and stable binding capabilities with α-amylase and DPP-4 proteins, indicating their potential as enzyme inhibitors. Therefore, it can be inferred that S. lasiocarpum represents a promising therapeutic approach for diabetes management.

Evaluation of salivary ceruloplasmin for the diagnosis of Wilson’s disease

Correction: Examining the U-shaped relationship between non-agricultural sources water pollution and the urban-rural income gap

Integrative single cell transcriptomic analysis reveals 3p deletion associated tumor microenvironment and chemoresistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Synthesis, antibacterial activity, in silico ADMET prediction, docking, and molecular dynamics studies of substituted phenyl and furan ring containing thiazole Schiff base derivatives

This study synthesized eighteen phenyl and furan rings containing thiazole Schiff base derivatives 2(a–r) in five series, and spectral analyses confirmed their structures. The in vitro antibacterial activities of the synthesized analogs against two gram-positive and two gram-negative bacteria were evaluated by disk diffusion technique. Compounds (2d) and (2n) produced prominently high zone of inhibition with 48.3 ±  0.6 mm and 45.3 ±  0.6 mm against B. subtilis, respectively, compared to standard ceftriaxone (20.0 ±  1.0 mm). However, the antibacterial potency of the compounds with furan ring was more notable than that of phenyl ring-containing derivatives. Molecular docking and dynamic study were performed based on the wet lab outcomes of (2d) and (2n), where both derivatives remained in the binding site of the receptors during the whole simulation time with RMSD and RMSF values below 2 nm. In silico ADMET prediction studies of the synthesized compounds validated their oral bioavailability. A more detailed study of the quantitative structure-activity relationship is required to predict structural modification on bioactivity and MD simulation to understand their therapeutic potential and pharmacokinetics.

Improving solar PV performance under bird-dropping conditions with a dual-cooling approach

Abstract The degradation performance of solar photovoltaic (SPV) panels, is a critical issue for its adoption. The current study introduces a novel dual-cooling technique to enhance the performance of the SPV panels under conditions of contamination from bird droppings. The front and backside temperatures, output power, and efficiency of the cooled SPV panels were evaluated and compared. Results showed that the cooling process reduced the front and backside temperatures by 24–47% and 34–48% respectively, compared to contaminated SPV panels. The cooled SPV module exhibited an output current increase of 8–9% and an output voltage increase of 7–9% compared to both contaminated and controlled modules. Consequently, output power for the cooled SPV module increased by 12–33% and 7–12% compared to bird droppings and controlled modules, respectively. Moreover, the overall efficiency of the SPV module dropped to 15% in the presence of bird droppings, compared to 20% with the cooling process was applied. These findings suggest significant potential benefits for large-scale SPV installations, enhancing performance and efficiency.

Development of a questionnaire for problematic social networking sites use: Ensuring content validity through Delphi methodology

Objectives This study aimed to develop a questionnaire to assess problematic social network service use (PSNSU) applicable to both adolescents and adults to ensure content validity. Methods A Delphi survey methodology with a panel of 16 experts was employed from April to June 2024 to ensure the content validity of the PSNSU assessment tool. This study involved three rounds of Delphi surveys to collect both open- and closed-ended responses to the PSNSU questionnaire. Data analysis focused on calculating the content validity ratio (CVR), stability, and consensus of each item. Items that did not meet the threshold criteria were revised or removed based on expert feedback. Results The PSNSU questionnaire initially included three domains and 59 items. Following Round 1 of the Delphi survey, three domains, 11 subdomains, and 43 items were selected. After adding and modifying the domains and items, Round 2 resulted in a questionnaire with two domains, 10 subdomains, and 42 items. In Round 3, the revised PSNSU questionnaire showed an average CVR of 0.99, a stability of 0.10, and consensus of 0.97, thus concluding the Delphi process. Conclusions The final PSNSU questionnaire encompasses a wide range of issues related to addictive behaviors and occupational challenges. Content validity was validated through the Delphi survey, resulting in a comprehensive tool that reflects the multidimensional characteristics of PSNSU across different life stages. This tool can be used for both clinical assessments and research to better understand and address PSNSU.

A qualitative exploration of balancing family, work, and academics among female graduate nursing students in a lower-middle-income country

Association between the ratio of serum uric acid to high density lipoprotein cholesterol and depressive symptoms in middle-aged and elderly Chinese

Background Previous studies have reported that metabolic syndrome is associated with depression. In recent years, the ratio of uric acid to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (UHR) has been considered as a new effective marker of metabolic syndrome. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between UHR and depression in people aged 45 years and older in China using the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS) database. Methods A total of 10,396 subjects aged 45 years and above were included in this cross-sectional study. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10) was used to facilitate rapid screening and assessment of depression. A CESD-10 score of ≥ 10 was considered the critical value of depression. UHR was calculated from the ratio of serum uric acid (mg/dL) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL). Linear regression and logistic regression were used to explore the relationship between UHR and depression, respectively. In addition, subgroup analysis and interaction tests were performed. Results The study found that UHR was negatively associated with depression. In the fully adjusted model, every 1-unit increase in UHR was associated with a 14% lower odds of developing depression (OR =  0.14, 95% CI: 0.05-0.37). Participants in the highest quartile of UHR were 24% less likely to develop depression compared with participants in the lowest quartile (OR =  0.76, 95% CI: 0.67–0.87). The interaction analysis indicates that this negative correlation is more pronounced in the subgroup aged 60 years and above. Conclusion UHR was significantly negatively correlated with depressive symptoms in the middle-aged and elderly Chinese population. However, further prospective studies are needed to accurately elucidate the causal relationship between increased UHR levels and the risk of depression. Therefore, larger cohort studies are needed to support these findings.