Browse Articles

Dipolar Carbazole Ammonium for Broadened Electric Field Distribution in High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells

Author Correction: Ultrafast signatures of merocyanine overcoming steric impedance in crystalline spiropyran

Ring-Expansion Metathesis Polymerization under Confinement

Orbital angular momentum control of strong-field ionization in atoms and molecules

Regiodivergent Alkylation of Pyridines: Alkyllithium Clusters Direct Chemical Reactivity

Electrophysiological signatures underlying variability in human memory consolidation

Optical Spin Hall Effect Pattern Switching in Polariton Condensates in Organic Single-Crystal Microbelts

Conformational landscapes of a class I ribonucleotide reductase complex during turnover reveal intrinsic dynamics and asymmetry

Molecularly Woven Polymer Aerogels

Structure and function of the geldanamycin amide synthase from Streptomyces hygroscopicus

Abstract Amide synthases catalyze the formation of macrolactam rings from aniline-containing polyketide-derived seco-acids as found in the important class of ansamycin antibiotics. One of these amide synthases is the geldanamycin amide synthase GdmF, which we recombinantly expressed, purified and studied in detail both functionally as well as structurally. Here we show that purified GdmF catalyzes the amide formation using synthetically derived substrates. The atomic structures of the ligand-free enzyme and in complex with simplified substrates reveal distinct structural features of the substrate binding site and a putative role of the flexible interdomain region for the catalysis reaction.

Integer topological defects offer a methodology to quantify and classify active cell monolayers

Can the Hock Process Be Used to Produce Phenol from Polystyrene?

Uptake of small extracellular vesicles by recipient cells is facilitated by paracrine adhesion signaling

Abstract Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) play crucial roles in intercellular communication. However, the internalization of individual sEVs by recipient cells has not been directly observed. Here, we examined these mechanisms using state-of-the-art imaging techniques. Single-molecule imaging shows that tumor-derived sEVs can be classified into several subtypes. Simultaneous single-sEV particle tracking and observation of super-resolution movies of membrane invaginations in living cells reveal that all sEV subtypes are internalized via clathrin-independent endocytosis mediated by galectin-3 and lysosome-associated membrane protein-2C, while some subtypes that recruited raft markers are internalized through caveolae. Integrin β1 and talin-1 accumulate in recipient cell plasma membranes beneath all sEV subtypes. Paracrine, but not autocrine, sEV binding triggers Ca 2+ mobilization induced by the activation of Src family kinases and phospholipase Cγ. Subsequent Ca 2+ -induced activation of calcineurin–dynamin promotes sEV internalization, leading to the recycling pathway. Thus, we clarified the detailed mechanisms of sEV internalization driven by paracrine adhesion signaling.

Photo- and Electrocatalytic Dual-Layer Cathode Facilitating Zn Peroxide Chemistry in Near-Neutral Zn–Air Batteries

Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks for photocatalytic synthesis of hydrogen peroxide

Optical Waveguiding Charge-Transfer Cocrystals: Examining the Impact of Molecular Rotations on Their Photoluminescence

Increasing soil nitrous acid emissions driven by climate and fertilization change aggravate global ozone pollution

Abstract Soil microbial nitrous acid (HONO) production is an important source of atmospheric reactive nitrogen that affects air quality and climate. However, long-term global soil HONO emissions driven by climate change and fertilizer use have not been quantified. Here, we derive the global soil HONO emissions over the past four decades and evaluate their impacts on ozone (O 3 ) and vegetation. Results show that climate change and the increased fertilizer use enhanced soil HONO emissions from 9.4 Tg N in 1980 to 11.5 Tg N in 2016. Chemistry-climate model simulations show that soil HONO emissions increased global surface O 3 mixing ratios by 2.5% (up to 29%) and vegetation risk to O 3 , with increasing impact during 1980s-2016 in low-anthropogenic-emission regions. With future decreasing anthropogenic emissions, the soil HONO impact on air quality and vegetation is expected to increase. We thus recommend consideration of soil HONO emissions in strategies for mitigating global air pollution.

Elucidating Gas Reduction Effects of Organosilicon Additives in Lithium-Ion Batteries

Blockade of glucagon receptor induces α-cell hypersecretion by hyperaminoacidemia in mice

Women’s attitudes towards physical intimate partner violence in India: Trends, patterns, and determinants

Women’s attitudes towards physical intimate partner violence are a major determinant of the likelihood of their exposure to physical intimate partner violence. In this study, we scrutinize the third, fourth, and fifth rounds of the National Family Health Survey using descriptive analyses and logistic regression models to understand the trends, patterns, and drivers of women’s attitudes towards physical intimate partner violence across various demographic and socioeconomic groups in India. Our findings reveal a noticeable decline in the level of women’s acceptability of physical intimate partner violence over the past 15 years, albeit at a slow pace. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that the acceptability of physical intimate partner violence is more prevalent among women from demographically and socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds. This includes women who marry at a young age, have no formal education, are exposed to interparental violence, belong to lower caste or tribal communities, exhibit poor wealth status, and reside in rural areas. The findings suggest a need for targeted policy interventions focusing on enhancing educational opportunities and promoting socioeconomic equity, particularly within demographically and socioeconomically disadvantaged groups.