Uncovering novel photoluminescence characteristics of Cu2ZnSnS4 thin-film solar cells through pulsed laser excitation

J Jüri Krustok (Department of Materials and Environmental Technology, Tallinn University of Technology , Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn,) A Achmad Nasyori (Department of Materials and Environmental Technology, Tallinn University of Technology , Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn,) R Reelika Kaupmees (Department of Materials and Environmental Technology, Tallinn University of Technology , Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn,) M Marit Kauk-Kuusik (Department of Materials and Environmental Technology, Tallinn University of Technology , Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn,)

Abstract

Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy under pulsed laser excitation was employed to investigate the recombination mechanisms in a Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin-film solar cell over a temperature range of 8–300 K. The PL spectra revealed one asymmetric band at 1.27 eV at T = 8 K, which was successfully fitted using an asymmetric double sigmoidal shape, indicating spatial variations in localized states and bandgap fluctuations. The PL band exhibited a temperature-dependent blue shift (∼0.26 meV/K) and low thermal activation energy (∼22 meV), suggesting recombination involving closely spaced deep donor–deep acceptor pairs. Laser power-dependent PL measurements at 8 K showed a pronounced blue shift of approximately 31 meV per decade of laser power, attributed to a band-filling effect under high excitation densities. The results support a model in which recombination occurs near band-bending regions. This study highlights the sensitivity of pulsed laser excitation PL, revealing previously unresolved recombination dynamics and localized states in CZTS-based photovoltaic materials.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 129, Issue 6
Published August 10, 2026
ISSN 0003-6951
Publisher American Institute of Physics

Journal Info

Applied Physics Letters

American Institute of Physics

ISSN: 0003-6951 Physical Sciences

Authors (4)

J

Jüri Krustok

Department of Materials and Environmental Technology, Tallinn University of Technology , Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn,

A

Achmad Nasyori

Department of Materials and Environmental Technology, Tallinn University of Technology , Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn,

R

Reelika Kaupmees

Department of Materials and Environmental Technology, Tallinn University of Technology , Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn,

M

Marit Kauk-Kuusik

Department of Materials and Environmental Technology, Tallinn University of Technology , Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn,