Ultralow-power-consumption continuous-wave terahertz quantum cascade lasers enabled by few-period patch-antenna arrays

S Shanzhi Zang (National Key Laboratory of Infrared Detection Technologies, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 , Shanghai 200083,) C Cheng Tan K Kai Wang L Lianghua Gan (National Key Laboratory of Infrared Detection Technologies, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 , Shanghai 200083,) C Chuanfeng Yan (National Key Laboratory of Infrared Detection Technologies, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 , Shanghai 200083,) C Chentao Cao (HeBei Semiconductor Research Institute 3 , Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051,) B Bingqi Chen (HeBei Semiconductor Research Institute 3 , Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051,) H Hongtai Chen (HeBei Semiconductor Research Institute 3 , Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051,) Y Yueheng Zhang (Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University 3 , Shanghai 200240,) Y Yulong Fang (Hebei Semiconductor Research Institute 4 , Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051,) C Chun Lin G Gangyi Xu (National Key Laboratory of Infrared Detection Technologies, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 , Shanghai 200083,)

Abstract

We demonstrate terahertz quantum cascade lasers (THz-QCLs) employing a few-period patch-antenna array as the resonant cavity, enabling a drastic reduction of the active-region area while preserving a high cavity quality factor Qcav. By designing the antenna period in the deep-subwavelength regime, an infinite array supports a photonic band located well below the light cone with theoretically infinite Qcav. Reducing the number of antenna periods progressively broadens the mode in momentum space and couples it to radiative channels, allowing controlled tuning of Qcav. Experimentally, a four-antenna THz-QCL exhibits continuous-wave (CW) lasing with an ultralow electrical power consumption of 56 mW, delivering 0.8 mW output power at 20 K and operating up to 76.6 K. Increasing the cavity size to eight antennas extends the CW operating temperature to 97.3 K with a power dissipation of only 100 mW. These results establish few-period patch-antenna resonators as an effective strategy for low-power-consumption, high-temperature CW THz-QCLs.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 128, Issue 18
Published May 04, 2026
ISSN 0003-6951
Publisher American Institute of Physics

Journal Info

Applied Physics Letters

American Institute of Physics

ISSN: 0003-6951 Physical Sciences

Authors (12)

S

Shanzhi Zang

National Key Laboratory of Infrared Detection Technologies, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 , Shanghai 200083,

C

Cheng Tan

K

Kai Wang

L

Lianghua Gan

National Key Laboratory of Infrared Detection Technologies, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 , Shanghai 200083,

C

Chuanfeng Yan

National Key Laboratory of Infrared Detection Technologies, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 , Shanghai 200083,

C

Chentao Cao

HeBei Semiconductor Research Institute 3 , Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051,

B

Bingqi Chen

HeBei Semiconductor Research Institute 3 , Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051,

H

Hongtai Chen

HeBei Semiconductor Research Institute 3 , Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051,

Y

Yueheng Zhang

Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University 3 , Shanghai 200240,

Y

Yulong Fang

Hebei Semiconductor Research Institute 4 , Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051,

C

Chun Lin

G

Gangyi Xu

National Key Laboratory of Infrared Detection Technologies, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 , Shanghai 200083,