The CuI/NiO gradient hole transport layer for enhanced carrier efficiency in large-area perovskite solar cell

W Wei Yang Y Yafeng Liu Z Zichenlu Wang (Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Quantum State Control and Optical Field Manipulation, Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University 1) W Wenzhen An (Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Quantum State Control and Optical Field Manipulation, Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University 1) S Shifeng Deng (Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Quantum State Control and Optical Field Manipulation, Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University 1) L Lei Shi (School of Health Management Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China) C Chaorong Li (Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Quantum State Control and Optical Field Manipulation, Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University 1 , 310018 Hangzhou,) Y You Song (Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Quantum State Control and Optical Field Manipulation, Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University 1) H Hong Lin J Jiaqi Pan

Abstract

The Cs0.05FA0.95PbI3-based solar cell (10 × 10 cm2) with a CuI/NiO bilayer gradient hole transport layer (HTL) is prepared via an approach of sputtering–in situ iodization–annealing method. The large-area CsFA-based solar cell with CuI/NiO HTLs exhibits a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of ∼19.76% (active area: 96.5 cm2), showing good stability of ∼90.84% after ∼1000 h of aging. The CuI/NiO bilayer gradient HTL is regarded as the core issue, because, besides barrier amelioration and potential gradient construction, it exhibits high hole induction via charge compensation, while achieving effective hole extraction and electron retardation by Fermi level regulation, thereby improving carrier dynamics transportation for increasing PCE, including rapid carrier transfer, showing lower photodegradation for good long-term stability.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 128, Issue 14
Published April 06, 2026
ISSN 0003-6951
Publisher American Institute of Physics

Journal Info

Applied Physics Letters

American Institute of Physics

ISSN: 0003-6951 Physical Sciences

Authors (10)

W

Wei Yang

Y

Yafeng Liu

Z

Zichenlu Wang

Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Quantum State Control and Optical Field Manipulation, Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University 1

W

Wenzhen An

Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Quantum State Control and Optical Field Manipulation, Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University 1

S

Shifeng Deng

Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Quantum State Control and Optical Field Manipulation, Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University 1

L

Lei Shi

School of Health Management Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China

C

Chaorong Li

Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Quantum State Control and Optical Field Manipulation, Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University 1 , 310018 Hangzhou,

Y

You Song

Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Quantum State Control and Optical Field Manipulation, Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University 1

H

Hong Lin

J

Jiaqi Pan