The barrier height formation mechanism and bulk inhomogeneity in ZnSnN2\Cu Schottky junctions

F Fan Ye Q Qian Gao (College of Information Science and Engineering) Z Zi-Cheng Zhao (Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Thin Films and Applications, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060,) J Jian-Lin Liang (Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Thin Films and Applications, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060,) Y Yi-Zhu Xie (Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Thin Films and Applications, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060,) D Dong-Ping Zhang (Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Thin Films and Applications, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060,) X Xing-Min Cai (Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Thin Films and Applications, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060,)

Abstract

To reveal the formation mechanism of Schottky barrier heights, inter-diffusion and chemical reaction between ZnSnN2 and the metals (Cu or Ag) are studied. Nitrogen and selective cation out-diffusion are observed, besides stronger Cu and weaker Ag in-diffusion. The Schottky barrier heights are consistent with the Schottky–Mott theory based on the improved work functions of ZnSnN2 layers and metals due to oxygen contamination. The Fermi level is pinned at about 1/3 of the forbidden bandgap below the conduction band bottom. Each layer in ZnSnN2\Ag is electronically homogeneous with the chemical reaction limited to the interface region. The ZnSnN2 layer in ZnSnN2\Cu is bulk inhomogeneous with one smaller work function from the minor phase resulting from Cu in-diffusion and suppressed oxygen out-diffusion besides the larger one from the original major phase, while the Cu layer is also bulk inhomogeneous, resulting from the higher chemical activity of Cu, which leads to the observed barrier height inhomogeneity and quenches the photovoltaic effect.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 127, Issue 10
Published September 08, 2025
ISSN 0003-6951
Publisher American Institute of Physics

Journal Info

Applied Physics Letters

American Institute of Physics

ISSN: 0003-6951 Physical Sciences

Authors (7)

F

Fan Ye

Q

Qian Gao

College of Information Science and Engineering

Z

Zi-Cheng Zhao

Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Thin Films and Applications, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060,

J

Jian-Lin Liang

Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Thin Films and Applications, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060,

Y

Yi-Zhu Xie

Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Thin Films and Applications, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060,

D

Dong-Ping Zhang

Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Thin Films and Applications, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060,

X

Xing-Min Cai

Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Thin Films and Applications, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060,