Sub-micron aperture VCSEL demonstrates ultralow ITH<b> = </b>0.05 mA and energy/bit<b> = </b>45.5 fJ/bit at 3 Kelvin
Abstract
The 0.9 μm diameter oxide aperture vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are developed for high-speed cryogenic operation. Ultralow threshold current of 0.05 mA was measured at 3 K by optimizing the gain–cavity resonance alignment and reducing the oxide aperture size to sub-micron. The VCSEL exhibits ultrahigh linearity with wide dynamic range of I/Ith &gt; 100. The microcavity VCSELs deliver record energy/bit of 45.5 fJ/bit for 112 Gbps PAM-4 transmission operated at I = 1.8 mA with TDECQ = 3.21 dB. The sub-micron cryogenic VCSEL has proven to be energy-efficient optical transmitter for cryogenic optical interconnects.
Article Details
Journal Info
Applied Physics Letters
American Institute of Physics
Authors (5)
Haonan Wu
Institute for Innovative Materials and Energy School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 China
Derek Chaw
Nick Holonyak, Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign , 208 N Wright St, Urbana, Illinois 61801,
Zetai Liu
Nick Holonyak, Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign , 208 N Wright St, Urbana, Illinois 61801,
Yulin He
Nick Holonyak, Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign , 208 N Wright St, Urbana, Illinois 61801,
Milton Feng
Nick Holonyak, Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign , 208 N Wright St, Urbana, Illinois 61801,