Spintronic terahertz energy detection via intrinsic magnetization rectification

Abstract

We demonstrate electrically detected spintronic terahertz energy detection based on ferromagnet/heavy-metal bilayers operated under continuous-wave terahertz excitation. Using zero dc bias current and ON–OFF modulation combined with lock-in detection, we observe a finite dc voltage exhibiting pronounced modulation-frequency, magnetic-field, and polarization-angle dependencies. To clarify the physical origin of the signal, we introduce a unified framework based on terahertz-driven spin torques and nonlinear magnetization dynamics governed by the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation.