Single-cell multiomics connects 3D genome and transcriptome alterations in Alzheimer’s disease

Y Yang Zhang X Xinyue Lu A Alexander K. Kunisky (Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.) S Shahul Alam (Ray and Stephanie Lane Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.) J Junjie Tang (Ray and Stephanie Lane Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.) R Ruochi Zhang S Shike Wang (Ray and Stephanie Lane Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.) H Han Zhang J Jude Baroudi (Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.) W Walid Ichcho (Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.) D Deyong Jia (Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.) S Sahar Ghorbanikalateh (Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.) S Sahel Ghorbanikalateh (Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.) S Shihan Wang (Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.) D David A. Bennett H Hansruedi Mathys Z Zhijun Duan (Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.) J Jian Ma

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) disrupts brain function through cell type–specific transcriptomic and epigenomic alterations, yet the contribution of three-dimensional (3D) genome organization to AD remains poorly understood. We applied GAGE-seq (genome architecture and gene expression by sequencing) to jointly profile gene expression and 3D chromatin structure in single cells from postmortem brain tissue from AD patients and age-matched individuals without AD, revealing chromatin reorganization linked to cell type–specific dysregulation. Integrations with spatial transcriptomics and chromatin accessibility data uncovered altered niches reflecting genome compartment remodeling and regulatory element reorganization. Hicformer, a deep learning framework, showed that 3D genome features are essential for predicting disease-relevant, cell type–specific gene expression changes. Our results establish higher-order chromatin alterations as a component of AD-associated molecular pathology, providing a multiscale view of transcriptional regulation and 3D genome organization in neurodegeneration.

Article Details

Journal Science
Volume / Issue Vol. 393, Issue 6809
Published July 23, 2026
ISSN 0036-8075
Publisher American Association for the Advancement of Science

Journal Info

Science

American Association for the Advancement of Science

ISSN: 0036-8075 Social Sciences

Authors (18)

Y

Yang Zhang

X

Xinyue Lu

A

Alexander K. Kunisky

Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

S

Shahul Alam

Ray and Stephanie Lane Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

J

Junjie Tang

Ray and Stephanie Lane Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

R

Ruochi Zhang

S

Shike Wang

Ray and Stephanie Lane Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

H

Han Zhang

J

Jude Baroudi

Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

W

Walid Ichcho

Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

D

Deyong Jia

Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

S

Sahar Ghorbanikalateh

Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

S

Sahel Ghorbanikalateh

Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

S

Shihan Wang

Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

D

David A. Bennett

H

Hansruedi Mathys

Z

Zhijun Duan

Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

J

Jian Ma