Constraining an exoplanet’s magnetic field using star-planet interactions

D D. Revilla (Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain.) P P. J. Amado (Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain.) R R. Luque (Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain.) P P. Schöfer (Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain.) A A. F. Lanza (Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Catania, Italy.) A A. Binnenfeld (Porter School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.) J J. A. Caballero A A. P. Hatzes (Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Tautenburg, Germany.) G G. W. Henry (Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, USA.) S S. V. Jeffers (Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Tautenburg, Germany.) S S. Kaur (Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain.) E E. Pallé (Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.) L L. Peña-Moñino (Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain.) M M. Pérez-Torres (Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain.) A A. Quirrenbach (Landessternwarte, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.) A A. Reiners (Institut für Astrophysik und Geophysik, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany.) I I. Ribas (Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain.) D D. Viganò (Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain.) M M. R. Zapatero-Osorio (Centro de Astrobiología, Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Centro Europeo de Astronomía Espacial Campus, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain.) S S. Zucker (Porter School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.)

Abstract

Theory predicts that a planet with a sufficiently strong magnetic field orbiting close to its host star could induce star-planet magnetic interactions. This is potentially observable as an optical or radio stellar activity signal synchronized with the planet’s orbital period. We analyzed 18 years of high-resolution optical spectroscopy of GJ 436, a low-mass star orbited by a Neptune-sized exoplanet on a polar eccentric orbit. Stellar activity indicators show enhancements at a period corresponding to the exoplanet orbit, modulated by stellar rotation, and the star’s 8-year magnetic cycle. We interpret this as a signal of star-planet magnetic interaction. Using a geometric model, we reproduced these periods if GJ 436 b has a magnetic field strength of 6 to 110 gauss.

Article Details

Journal Science
Volume / Issue Vol. 393, Issue 6809
Published July 23, 2026
Pages 403-407
ISSN 0036-8075
Publisher American Association for the Advancement of Science

Journal Info

Science

American Association for the Advancement of Science

ISSN: 0036-8075 Social Sciences

Authors (20)

D

D. Revilla

Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain.

P

P. J. Amado

Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain.

R

R. Luque

Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain.

P

P. Schöfer

Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain.

A

A. F. Lanza

Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Catania, Italy.

A

A. Binnenfeld

Porter School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.

J

J. A. Caballero

A

A. P. Hatzes

Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Tautenburg, Germany.

G

G. W. Henry

Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, USA.

S

S. V. Jeffers

Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Tautenburg, Germany.

S

S. Kaur

Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain.

E

E. Pallé

Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.

L

L. Peña-Moñino

Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain.

M

M. Pérez-Torres

Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain.

A

A. Quirrenbach

Landessternwarte, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.

A

A. Reiners

Institut für Astrophysik und Geophysik, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany.

I

I. Ribas

Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain.

D

D. Viganò

Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain.

M

M. R. Zapatero-Osorio

Centro de Astrobiología, Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Centro Europeo de Astronomía Espacial Campus, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain.

S

S. Zucker

Porter School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.