Self-rectifying organic memristor based on PAA/PEDOT:PSS heterojunction for neuromorphic computing

X Xinming Ma (Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials, Institute of Functional Crystals, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology , No. 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384,) X Xiuyang Tang (Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials, Institute of Functional Crystals, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology , No. 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384,) J Jingzhou Shi (Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials, Institute of Functional Crystals, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology , No. 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384,) N Niwei He (Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials, Institute of Functional Crystals, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology , No. 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384,) S Sizhu Ha (Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials, Institute of Functional Crystals, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology , No. 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384,) W Weifang Sun (Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials, Institute of Functional Crystals, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology , No. 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384,) S Song Xue G Gangri Cai (Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials, Institute of Functional Crystals, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology , No. 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384,) J Jin Shi Zhao (Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials, Institute of Functional Crystals, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology , No. 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384,)

Abstract

Neuromorphic computing has emerged as a promising strategy to overcome the intrinsic limitations of the von Neumann architecture, where memristive devices that emulate biological synapses are of particular interest. Among them, organic memristors offer unique advantages in mechanical flexibility, biocompatibility, and solution processability. Here, we report a flexible, self-rectifying organic memristor fabricated on an ITO/PAA(Ca2+)/PEDOT:PSS/ITO architecture. The device operates through directional Ca2+ migration within the poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) electrolyte layer, enabling stable resistive switching. Importantly, the integration of PEDOT:PSS with ITO forms an intrinsic p–n junction, imparting pronounced self-rectifying behavior with a rectification ratio of approximately 103, effectively suppressing sneak-path currents in crossbar arrays. The device is able to simultaneously maintain stable resistive switching and robust rectification, avoiding the mutual interference commonly observed in conventional designs. The memristor reliably reproduces key synaptic functions, including transitions from short-term to long-term potentiation and depression, as well as spike-timing-dependent plasticity. Artificial neural networks constructed using experimentally extracted device characteristics achieve image and digit recognition accuracies exceeding 90%. This work demonstrates that flexible organic memristors with built-in p–n junction rectification can simultaneously address mechanical compliance, energy efficiency, and integration density, thereby establishing a viable materials and device platform for biocompatible neuromorphic hardware and scalable pattern-recognition systems.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 128, Issue 25
Published June 22, 2026
ISSN 0003-6951
Publisher American Institute of Physics

Journal Info

Applied Physics Letters

American Institute of Physics

ISSN: 0003-6951 Physical Sciences

Authors (9)

X

Xinming Ma

Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials, Institute of Functional Crystals, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology , No. 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384,

X

Xiuyang Tang

Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials, Institute of Functional Crystals, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology , No. 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384,

J

Jingzhou Shi

Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials, Institute of Functional Crystals, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology , No. 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384,

N

Niwei He

Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials, Institute of Functional Crystals, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology , No. 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384,

S

Sizhu Ha

Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials, Institute of Functional Crystals, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology , No. 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384,

W

Weifang Sun

Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials, Institute of Functional Crystals, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology , No. 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384,

S

Song Xue

G

Gangri Cai

Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials, Institute of Functional Crystals, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology , No. 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384,

J

Jin Shi Zhao

Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials, Institute of Functional Crystals, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology , No. 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384,