Reference-free computational holographic imaging based on non-zero frequency single-pixel detection

Abstract

Single-pixel imaging (SPI) provides unique advantages for complex-field imaging, especially in weak-light conditions or at special wavelengths. However, existing schemes still face the conventional limitations of interferometric metrology that requires strict optical path stability between reference and object beams. In this work, we propose a novel common-path single-pixel holographic imaging method that operates without any physical reference beam. By strategically detecting a non-zero frequency component in an amplitude-only modulation SPI system, a virtual reference wave is effectively simulated, generating an equivalent off-axis interference effect that enables direct phase retrieval. Using this approach, we realize high-speed complex-field imaging, achieving 64 × 64-pixel holographic reconstruction in 0.4 s. This work demonstrates enhanced system simplicity, rapid imaging speed, and competitive robustness, making it particularly suitable for dynamic imaging and complex-field measurements in vibration-prone environments.