Proposal and theoretical investigation of 229Th-doped nonlinear optical crystals for compact solid-state clocks

H H. W. T. Morgan (Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles 1 , Los Angeles, California 90095,) R R. Elwell (Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California 3 , Los Angeles, California 90095,) J J. E. S. Terhune (Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California 3 , Los Angeles, California 90095,) H H. B. Tran Tan (Department of Physics, University of Nevada 4 , Reno, Nevada 89557,) U U. C. Perera (Department of Physics, University of Nevada 4 , Reno, Nevada 89557,) A A. Derevianko (Department of Physics, University of Nevada 4 , Reno, Nevada 89557,) A A. N. Alexandrova (Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles 1 , Los Angeles, California 90095,) E E. R. Hudson (Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California 3 , Los Angeles, California 90095,)

Abstract

The recent laser excitation of the 229Th isomeric transition in a solid-state host opens the door for a portable solid-state nuclear optical clock. However, at present, the vacuum-ultraviolet laser systems required for clock operation are not conducive to a fieldable form factor. Here, we propose a possible solution to this problem by using 229Th-doped nonlinear optical crystals, which would allow clock operation without a vacuum-ultraviolet laser system and without the need of maintaining the crystal under vacuum. We investigate electronic properties and thorium doping in BaMgF4 and BaZnF4 with density functional theory, predicting BaMgF4 to be the superior material, and evaluate the performance of a Th:BaMgF4 clock.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 126, Issue 11
Published March 01, 2025
ISSN 0003-6951
Publisher American Institute of Physics

Journal Info

Applied Physics Letters

American Institute of Physics

ISSN: 0003-6951 Physical Sciences

Authors (8)

H

H. W. T. Morgan

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles 1 , Los Angeles, California 90095,

R

R. Elwell

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California 3 , Los Angeles, California 90095,

J

J. E. S. Terhune

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California 3 , Los Angeles, California 90095,

H

H. B. Tran Tan

Department of Physics, University of Nevada 4 , Reno, Nevada 89557,

U

U. C. Perera

Department of Physics, University of Nevada 4 , Reno, Nevada 89557,

A

A. Derevianko

Department of Physics, University of Nevada 4 , Reno, Nevada 89557,

A

A. N. Alexandrova

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles 1 , Los Angeles, California 90095,

E

E. R. Hudson

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California 3 , Los Angeles, California 90095,