Production and spectroscopy of cold radioactive molecules

C Chandler J. Conn (Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.) P Phelan Yu (Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.) M Madison I. Howard (Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.) Y Yuxi Yang (Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.) C Chaoqun Zhang (Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.) A Arian Jadbabaie (Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.) A Aikaterini Gorou (Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.) A Alyssa N. Gaiser (Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.) T Timothy C. Steimle (Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.) L Lan Cheng N Nicholas R. Hutzler (Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.)

Abstract

Molecules with heavy, radioactive nuclei promise extreme sensitivity to fundamental nuclear and particle physics. However, these nuclei are available in limited quantities, which challenges their use in precision measurements. Here we demonstrate the gas-phase synthesis, cryogenic cooling, and high-resolution laser spectroscopy of radium monohydroxide, monodeuteroxide, and monofluoride molecules ( 226 RaOH, 226 RaOD, and 226 RaF) in a tabletop apparatus by combining trace radioactive target production protocols, optically driven chemistry in a cryogenic buffer gas, and low-background spectroscopic detection methods. The molecules are cooled in the lab frame, creating conditions that are the same starting points as those for many current molecular precision measurement and quantum information experiments. This approach can be readily applied to a wide range of species and establishes key capabilities for molecular quantum sensing of exotic nuclei.

Article Details

Journal Science
Volume / Issue Vol. 393, Issue 6808
Published July 16, 2026
Pages 319-323
ISSN 0036-8075
Publisher American Association for the Advancement of Science

Journal Info

Science

American Association for the Advancement of Science

ISSN: 0036-8075 Social Sciences

Authors (11)

C

Chandler J. Conn

Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.

P

Phelan Yu

Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.

M

Madison I. Howard

Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.

Y

Yuxi Yang

Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.

C

Chaoqun Zhang

Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.

A

Arian Jadbabaie

Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.

A

Aikaterini Gorou

Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.

A

Alyssa N. Gaiser

Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.

T

Timothy C. Steimle

Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.

L

Lan Cheng

N

Nicholas R. Hutzler

Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.