Petroleum coke-derived porous carbon encapsulating phase change materials for solar-thermal-electricity output

J Jianhua Bian (Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, Hebei Key Laboratory of Resource Low-carbon Utilization and New Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing) , Beijing 100083,) L Lili Wang (Department of Chemistry) L Libing Liao (Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, Hebei Key Laboratory of Resource Low-carbon Utilization and New Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing) , Beijing 100083,) G Guocheng Lv (Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, Hebei Key Laboratory of Resource Low-carbon Utilization and New Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing) , Beijing 100083,)

Abstract

Solar energy utilization is hindered by intermittency, highlighting the urgency of advanced thermal energy storage technologies. Phase change materials (PCMs) are promising candidates but suffer from leakage and poor photothermal performance. Herein, we fabricate hierarchically porous carbon (PCPC) from petroleum coke (a refinery by-product) via a salt-templating method, which serves as an efficient support for paraffin wax (PW) PCMs. Benefiting from the unique porous structure of PCPC, the resulting form-stable composite PCM (PW/PCPC) exhibits remarkable performance, including a high latent heat of 134.4 J g−1, excellent structural stability, and outstanding cycling durability. Simultaneously, the composite realizes an outstanding photothermal conversion efficiency of 89.68%. A key breakthrough is the development of an integrated solar-thermal-electricity conversion system by combining PW/PCPC with a commercial thermoelectric generator. This system delivers a stable power output density of 7.01 W m−2 and can continuously generate electricity using stored thermal energy even after light source removal. This work not only provides a waste valorization strategy for high-performance composite PCMs but also demonstrates their great potential in efficient solar energy harvesting and sustainable power supply, addressing critical challenges in solar energy utilization.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 128, Issue 2
Published January 12, 2026
ISSN 0003-6951
Publisher American Institute of Physics

Journal Info

Applied Physics Letters

American Institute of Physics

ISSN: 0003-6951 Physical Sciences

Authors (4)

J

Jianhua Bian

Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, Hebei Key Laboratory of Resource Low-carbon Utilization and New Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing) , Beijing 100083,

L

Lili Wang

Department of Chemistry

L

Libing Liao

Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, Hebei Key Laboratory of Resource Low-carbon Utilization and New Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing) , Beijing 100083,

G

Guocheng Lv

Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, Hebei Key Laboratory of Resource Low-carbon Utilization and New Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing) , Beijing 100083,