Paper-based mixed-cation perovskite for optical terahertz modulation

C Can Zhang (School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices) W Wenbo Chu (Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Terahertz Spectroscopy and Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Metamaterials and Devices, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University , Beijing 100048,) X Xiaochen Fan X Xiangyu Deng (New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Department of Chemistry) L Lu Xiao (Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China) B Bo Zhang

Abstract

The synthesis and optimization of FAxMA1−xPbBr3 mixed-cation perovskites, including the pure MAPbBr3 and FAPbBr3 phases, are reported. A stable performance enhancement was demonstrated by the polycrystalline sample with an optimized cation stoichiometry (x = 0.5, FA0.5MA0.5PbBr3) when grown on a paper. Under a laser density of 1.35 W/cm2, a terahertz frequency-domain modulation of 31.1% was achieved by paper-based FA0.5MA0.5PbBr3. The origin of the enhancement was confirmed through photocurrent and amplified spontaneous emission measurements to be a substantial increase in the internal photogenerated carrier concentration under optical excitation. These superior properties are attributed to the synergistic effects of cation mixing, which improves structural and optoelectronic stabilities, and the paper substrate, which enhances light harvesting and charge carrier dynamics.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 128, Issue 25
Published June 22, 2026
ISSN 0003-6951
Publisher American Institute of Physics

Journal Info

Applied Physics Letters

American Institute of Physics

ISSN: 0003-6951 Physical Sciences

Authors (6)

C

Can Zhang

School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices

W

Wenbo Chu

Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Terahertz Spectroscopy and Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Metamaterials and Devices, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University , Beijing 100048,

X

Xiaochen Fan

X

Xiangyu Deng

New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Department of Chemistry

L

Lu Xiao

Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China

B

Bo Zhang