Optimal layer thickness and junction temperature of GaN HEMTs based on bias-dependent non-uniform heat source model

D Dan Wu (Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environments and Bio-Resources of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University) B Bing-Yu Gan (Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials Genome Engineering, School of Physics and Electronic Science, Changsha University of Science and Technology 1 , Changsha 410114,) Q Qi Luo (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine) S Si-Yi Zhang (Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials Genome Engineering, School of Physics and Electronic Science, Changsha University of Science and Technology 1 , Changsha 410114,) H Hai-Qing Xie (Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials Genome Engineering, School of Physics and Electronic Science, Changsha University of Science and Technology 1 , Changsha 410114,) Z Zhi-Qiang Fan (Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials Genome Engineering, School of Physics and Electronic Science, Changsha University of Science and Technology 1 , Changsha 410114,) X Xuan-Hao Cao (Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials Genome Engineering, School of Physics and Electronic Science, Changsha University of Science and Technology 1 , Changsha 410114,) X Xue-Kun Chen (School of Mathematics and Physics, University of South China 2 , Hengyang 421001,)

Abstract

Accurate thermal simulation of thermal is crucial for designing reliable gallium nitride high electron mobility transistors (GaN HEMTs). Thermal analysis models that assume a uniform heat source neglect the non-uniformity and bias dependence of the heat source in the channel region, which leads to inaccurate device junction temperature and other parameter predictions. Herein, we adopt a framework of a bias-dependent non-uniform heat source model and perform detailed thermal simulations of the near-junction region of GaN HEMTs. Results show that a uniform heat source model yields an optimal GaN thickness of 2.4 μm; whereas under bias-dependent non-uniform heat sources, it remains 2.4 μm at Vg = 2 V, Vd = 3.8 V but increases to 3.1 μm at Vg = −1 V, Vd = 6.25 V. Notably, under identical power dissipation, devices on a high-thermal-conductivity diamond substrate in the saturated region exhibit a junction temperature of 377.8 K, higher than the 360.37 K observed for a low-thermal-conductivity SiC substrate in the linear region. This difference arises from heat distribution and heat flow paths related to device bias. These results provide a theoretical reference for the thermal design of high-performance GaN-based devices.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 127, Issue 18
Published November 03, 2025
ISSN 0003-6951
Publisher American Institute of Physics

Journal Info

Applied Physics Letters

American Institute of Physics

ISSN: 0003-6951 Physical Sciences

Authors (8)

D

Dan Wu

Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environments and Bio-Resources of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University

B

Bing-Yu Gan

Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials Genome Engineering, School of Physics and Electronic Science, Changsha University of Science and Technology 1 , Changsha 410114,

Q

Qi Luo

Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine

S

Si-Yi Zhang

Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials Genome Engineering, School of Physics and Electronic Science, Changsha University of Science and Technology 1 , Changsha 410114,

H

Hai-Qing Xie

Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials Genome Engineering, School of Physics and Electronic Science, Changsha University of Science and Technology 1 , Changsha 410114,

Z

Zhi-Qiang Fan

Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials Genome Engineering, School of Physics and Electronic Science, Changsha University of Science and Technology 1 , Changsha 410114,

X

Xuan-Hao Cao

Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials Genome Engineering, School of Physics and Electronic Science, Changsha University of Science and Technology 1 , Changsha 410114,

X

Xue-Kun Chen

School of Mathematics and Physics, University of South China 2 , Hengyang 421001,