Ni-incorporated CoFe Prussian blue analog: Synergizing Ni active sites and spin-state modulation for efficient ethanol oxidation

X Xuan Tan (Siyuan Laboratory, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Manipulation, Department of Physics, Jinan University 1 , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, .) X Xingjia Chen (Siyuan Laboratory, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Manipulation, Department of Physics, Jinan University 1 , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, .) T Tianli He (Siyuan Laboratory, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Manipulation, Department of Physics, Jinan University 1 , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, .) H Haoxi Chen (Siyuan Laboratory, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Manipulation, Department of Physics, Jinan University 1 , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, .) S Senyuan Li J Jingnan Hong (Siyuan Laboratory, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Manipulation, Department of Physics, Jinan University 1 , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, .) M Ming-Hsien Lee (Department of Physics, Tamkang University 2 , New Taipei 25137,) Y Yong Fu N Nan Wang H Hui Meng (Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering)

Abstract

As the global energy landscape shifts toward sustainable hydrogen production, the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) has emerged as a superior alternative to the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction. In this study, we connect the spin-state configuration to the catalytic activity of specific metal active sites and synthesize a NiCo2Fe Prussian blue analog (PBA) catalyst with a hollow structure. The NiCo2Fe PBA exhibits exceptional EOR activity, requiring a potential of only 1.30 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode to reach 10 mA cm−2, significantly outperforming most reported non-noble metal catalysts. Mechanistic investigations via density functional theory calculations reveal a dual-functional synergy: (i) the introduction of Ni induces a low-to-intermediate spin-state transition in Co, downshifting its d-band center to optimize the adsorption and desorption of intermediates across the sites and (ii) the incorporated Ni serves as the primary active sites by significantly lowering the energy barrier of the rate-determining step (dehydrogenation of *OCHCH3 to *OCCH3). Furthermore, the catalyst demonstrates robust stability (150 h) and excellent performance in practical applications, including a zinc–ethanol–air battery with a low voltage gap (<650 mV) and an anion exchange membrane electrolyzer. This work provides a strategic approach for designing high-performance PBA-based catalysts by integrating specific heteroatom active sites with spin-state engineering.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 129, Issue 2
Published July 13, 2026
ISSN 0003-6951
Publisher American Institute of Physics

Journal Info

Applied Physics Letters

American Institute of Physics

ISSN: 0003-6951 Physical Sciences

Authors (10)

X

Xuan Tan

Siyuan Laboratory, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Manipulation, Department of Physics, Jinan University 1 , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, .

X

Xingjia Chen

Siyuan Laboratory, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Manipulation, Department of Physics, Jinan University 1 , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, .

T

Tianli He

Siyuan Laboratory, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Manipulation, Department of Physics, Jinan University 1 , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, .

H

Haoxi Chen

Siyuan Laboratory, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Manipulation, Department of Physics, Jinan University 1 , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, .

S

Senyuan Li

J

Jingnan Hong

Siyuan Laboratory, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Manipulation, Department of Physics, Jinan University 1 , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, .

M

Ming-Hsien Lee

Department of Physics, Tamkang University 2 , New Taipei 25137,

Y

Yong Fu

N

Nan Wang

H

Hui Meng

Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering