Microwave engineering of tunable spin interactions with superconducting qubits

K Kui Zhao Z Ziting Wang Y Yu Liu G Gui-Han Liang C Cai-Ping Fang Y Yun-Hao Shi L Lv Zhang J Jia-Chi Zhang T Tian-Ming Li H Hao Li Y Yueshan Xu W Wei-Guo Ma H Hao-Tian Liu J Jia-Cheng Song Z Zhen-Ting Bao (Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 2 , Beijing 100190,) Y Yong-Xi Xiao (Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 2 , Beijing 100190,) B Bing-Jie Chen C Cheng-Lin Deng Z Zheng-He Liu Y Yang He S Si-Yun Zhou X Xiaohui Song Z Zhongcheng Xiang D Dongning Zheng K Kaixuan Huang K Kai Xu H Heng Fan

Abstract

Quantum simulation has emerged as a powerful framework for investigating complex many-body phenomena. A key requirement for emulating these dynamics is the realization of fully controllable quantum systems enabling various spin interactions. Yet, quantum simulators remain constrained in the types of attainable interactions. Here we demonstrate experimental realization of multiple microwave-engineered spin interactions in superconducting quantum circuits. By precisely controlling the native XY interaction and microwave drives, we achieve tunable spin Hamiltonians, including (i) XYZ spin models with continuously adjustable parameters, (ii) transverse-field Ising models, and (iii) Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interacting systems. Our work expands the toolbox for analog-digital quantum simulation, paving the way for exploring a wide range of exotic quantum spin models.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 127, Issue 6
Published August 11, 2025
ISSN 0003-6951
Publisher American Institute of Physics

Journal Info

Applied Physics Letters

American Institute of Physics

ISSN: 0003-6951 Physical Sciences

Authors (27)

K

Kui Zhao

Z

Ziting Wang

Y

Yu Liu

G

Gui-Han Liang

C

Cai-Ping Fang

Y

Yun-Hao Shi

L

Lv Zhang

J

Jia-Chi Zhang

T

Tian-Ming Li

H

Hao Li

Y

Yueshan Xu

W

Wei-Guo Ma

H

Hao-Tian Liu

J

Jia-Cheng Song

Z

Zhen-Ting Bao

Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 2 , Beijing 100190,

Y

Yong-Xi Xiao

Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 2 , Beijing 100190,

B

Bing-Jie Chen

C

Cheng-Lin Deng

Z

Zheng-He Liu

Y

Yang He

S

Si-Yun Zhou

X

Xiaohui Song

Z

Zhongcheng Xiang

D

Dongning Zheng

K

Kaixuan Huang

K

Kai Xu

H

Heng Fan