Low-droop and high-efficiency (>40%) UVA emitters enabled by precursor modulated quantum wells

Y Yifan Yao H Hanyu Bi (Materials Department, University of California 1 , Santa Barbara, California 93106,) I Ibraheem AIjarboua (Materials Department, University of California 1 , Santa Barbara, California 93106,) T Toru Inatome (Materials Department, University of California 1 , Santa Barbara, California 93106,) J Jiaao (Amy) Zhang (Materials Department, University of California 1 , Santa Barbara, California 93106,) M Michael Iza (Materials Department, University of California 1 , Santa Barbara, California 93106,) S Shuji Nakamura S Steven P. DenBaars (Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California Santa Barbara 1 , Santa Barbara, California 93106,)

Abstract

We demonstrate a precursor-modulation growth scheme to overcome the efficiency limitations of ultraviolet-A (UVA) light emitting diodes (LEDs) caused by interface intermixing and poor carrier confinement. By incorporating intentional growth interruptions, we engineered more abrupt interfaces with Al-rich interfacial “spikes.” Scanning transmission electron microscopy energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy mapping and Schrödinger–Poisson simulations confirm these spikes increase conduction- and valence-band offsets by over 50%, improving electron–hole wavefunction overlap by approximately 20%. The resulting 380-nm micro-LEDs achieved a peak external quantum efficiency of 41%. Notably, the devices maintain high efficiency above 40% up to a current density of 200 A/cm2 with negligible droop. This approach provides a scalable and robust pathway for high-power, high-efficiency solid-state UVA emitters.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 128, Issue 26
Published June 29, 2026
ISSN 0003-6951
Publisher American Institute of Physics

Journal Info

Applied Physics Letters

American Institute of Physics

ISSN: 0003-6951 Physical Sciences

Authors (8)

Y

Yifan Yao

H

Hanyu Bi

Materials Department, University of California 1 , Santa Barbara, California 93106,

I

Ibraheem AIjarboua

Materials Department, University of California 1 , Santa Barbara, California 93106,

T

Toru Inatome

Materials Department, University of California 1 , Santa Barbara, California 93106,

J

Jiaao (Amy) Zhang

Materials Department, University of California 1 , Santa Barbara, California 93106,

M

Michael Iza

Materials Department, University of California 1 , Santa Barbara, California 93106,

S

Shuji Nakamura

S

Steven P. DenBaars

Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California Santa Barbara 1 , Santa Barbara, California 93106,