Liquid metal display and quasi-E-paper

Abstract

Gallium-based liquid metal offers exciting possibilities for soft optical interfaces, yet current approaches often rely on the introduction of heterogeneous materials. Here, we report an electrochemically reconfigurable display strategy leveraging the localized anodic oxidation reaction of liquid metals in acidic solution. By applying an anodic potential, the liquid metal surface undergoes a rapid and reversible transition from reflective silver to high-contrast matte black, attributed to the formation of a porous and light-trapping oxide film. Crucially, this oxide layer spontaneously dissolves in the electrolyte upon voltage removal, enabling intrinsic self-erasing functionality. We demonstrate that the kinetics of pattern formation and dissolution can be tailored by modulating the polarization voltage and electrolyte concentration. Based on this mechanism, we realize two proof-of-concept applications: a programmable, pixel-addressable “Liquid Metal Display” and an interactive, pen-writable “Liquid Metal Quasi-E-paper.” This strategy provides a pathway for developing dynamic and reconfigurable visual interfaces on soft and deformable substrates.