Lariat RNA debranching prevents harmful siRNA burst in plants

Q Qi Tang (State Key Laboratory of Genetics and Development of Complex Phenotypes, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.) C Chenxi Ding (State Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.) X Xiaotuo Zhang (State Key Laboratory of Genetics and Development of Complex Phenotypes, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.) T Taiyun Wang (State Key Laboratory of Genetics and Development of Complex Phenotypes, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.) M Mengjie Zhu (State Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.) R Ruixue Cui (State Key Laboratory of Genetics and Development of Complex Phenotypes, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.) W Wenya Yang (State Key Laboratory of Genetics and Development of Complex Phenotypes, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.) J Jinbiao Ma G Guodong Ren (State Key Laboratory of Genetics and Development of Complex Phenotypes, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.) X Xiaoming Zhang B Binglian Zheng (State Key Laboratory of Genetics and Development of Complex Phenotypes, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.)

Abstract

Lariat RNAs are formed from introns during pre–messenger RNA splicing, after which they are degraded by the debranching enzyme DBR1. Impairment of DBR1 leads to developmental arrest, yet the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we found that debranching of lariat RNA prevents production of 21- and 22-nucleotide lariat-derived small interfering RNAs (lasiRNAs), which causes a burst of exonic siRNAs, thereby safeguarding development and defense response. LasiRNA biogenesis relied on RNA-dependent RNA polymerases and Dicer-like proteins (DCLs). Upon pathogen infection and dysfunction of DBR1, many lariat RNAs were hijacked by DCL4 and DCL2 and processed into siRNAs that particularly target immunity genes, ultimately disrupting plant defense responses. Collectively, DBR1-mediated lariat RNA removal serves as a protective mechanism to prevent the activation of a small RNA–based defense system in plants.

Article Details

Journal Science
Volume / Issue Vol. 392, Issue 6805
Published June 25, 2026
Pages 1401-1407
ISSN 0036-8075
Publisher American Association for the Advancement of Science

Journal Info

Science

American Association for the Advancement of Science

ISSN: 0036-8075 Social Sciences

Authors (11)

Q

Qi Tang

State Key Laboratory of Genetics and Development of Complex Phenotypes, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

C

Chenxi Ding

State Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

X

Xiaotuo Zhang

State Key Laboratory of Genetics and Development of Complex Phenotypes, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

T

Taiyun Wang

State Key Laboratory of Genetics and Development of Complex Phenotypes, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

M

Mengjie Zhu

State Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

R

Ruixue Cui

State Key Laboratory of Genetics and Development of Complex Phenotypes, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

W

Wenya Yang

State Key Laboratory of Genetics and Development of Complex Phenotypes, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

J

Jinbiao Ma

G

Guodong Ren

State Key Laboratory of Genetics and Development of Complex Phenotypes, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

X

Xiaoming Zhang

B

Binglian Zheng

State Key Laboratory of Genetics and Development of Complex Phenotypes, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.