Investigation of surface charging characteristics of ion-irradiated alumina ceramics: Transition from secondary electron emission to charge injection

H Hao-Yan Liu (State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University 1 , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049,) W Wen-Tong An (State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University 1 , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049,) G Guang-Yu Sun (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 2 , Lausanne CH-1025,) S Sheng Zhou C Chang-Chun Qi (State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University 1 , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049,) Y Yue-Lin Liu (State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University 1 , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049,) Y Yan-Qi Liu (State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University 1 , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049,) W Wen-Rui Li (State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University 1 , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049,) G Guan-Jun Zhang (State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University 1 , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049,)

Abstract

Abnormal electrical breakdowns have been observed in the grid system of ion thrusters during both ground tests and space missions, leading to severe discharge-induced damage. Alumina ceramic, commonly used as an insulating material in grid systems, is subject to surface modification under ion beam irradiation, which in turn significantly alters its surface charging behavior. In this study, we systematically investigated the charging characteristics of alumina ceramics after Xe+ ion irradiation, including trap distribution, surface resistivity, and surface potential. Our results demonstrate that the dominant charging mechanism shifts from secondary electron emission to charge injection after irradiation. Prolonged ion irradiation results in increased surface negative charge accumulation, which increases the risk of insulation failure. Furthermore, a self-consistent electron transport model is employed to support the experimental measurement. This work aims to establish the intrinsic link between ion irradiation damage and insulation degradation, contributing to uncovering the underlying physical mechanisms of abnormal discharges in ion thruster grid systems.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 127, Issue 25
Published December 22, 2025
ISSN 0003-6951
Publisher American Institute of Physics

Journal Info

Applied Physics Letters

American Institute of Physics

ISSN: 0003-6951 Physical Sciences

Authors (9)

H

Hao-Yan Liu

State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University 1 , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049,

W

Wen-Tong An

State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University 1 , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049,

G

Guang-Yu Sun

École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 2 , Lausanne CH-1025,

S

Sheng Zhou

C

Chang-Chun Qi

State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University 1 , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049,

Y

Yue-Lin Liu

State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University 1 , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049,

Y

Yan-Qi Liu

State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University 1 , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049,

W

Wen-Rui Li

State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University 1 , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049,

G

Guan-Jun Zhang

State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University 1 , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049,