Interface-driven enhancement of spin–orbit magnetic readout at a ferromagnetic Rashba–Edelstein interface in Co/Pd

Abstract

Magneto-electric spin–orbit logic requires efficient spin–charge interconversion in scalable geometries. Here, we use Co/Pd heterostructures as a model system to demonstrate local spin–orbit readout at a ferromagnetic Rashba–Edelstein interface, where conversion occurs directly at the magnetic boundary without non-local diffusion. After removing spurious Hall and geometric contributions, the readout signal exceeds that expected from the bulk spin Hall effect of Pd and obeys Onsager reciprocity, indicating a dominant interfacial origin. Modest interfacial pre-activation reproducibly enhances the signal by nearly a factor of two. The enhancement underscores the strong interfacial sensitivity of the induced spin–charge conversion, while ferromagnetic resonance and harmonic spin–orbit torque measurements show only minor changes in magnetic and torque properties, consistent with reduced interfacial spin-memory loss being a contributing factor.