Industrial-scale nanocrystalline Ni–Mo–MgO catalysts for hybrid reforming of waste to fuels

S Seok-Jin Kim (Oxide & Organic Nanomaterials for Energy & Environment (ONE) Lab, Chemistry Program, Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.) R Raghu V. Maligal-Ganesh (Oxide & Organic Nanomaterials for Energy & Environment (ONE) Lab, Chemistry Program, Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.) J Javeed Mahmood (Oxide & Organic Nanomaterials for Energy & Environment (ONE) Lab, Chemistry Program, Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.) P Phil Woong Kang (Oxide & Organic Nanomaterials for Energy & Environment (ONE) Lab, Chemistry Program, Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.) A Aadesh Harale (Research and Development Center, Saudi Aramco, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.) A Abdulrahman S. AlSuhaibani (Research and Development Center, Saudi Aramco, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.) Q Qingyuan Hu (Research and Development Center, Saudi Aramco, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.) A Ammar H. Alahmed (Research and Development Center, Saudi Aramco, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.) A Aqil Jamal (Research and Development Center, Saudi Aramco, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.) R Rukaiyat Suleiman (Clean Energy Research Platform, PSE, KAUST, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.) H Husain Baaqel (Clean Energy Research Platform, PSE, KAUST, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.) M Mert Atilhan (Department of Chemical and Paper Engineering, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA.) S S. Mani Sarathy (Division of Sciences, Krea University, Andhra Pradesh, India.) C Cafer T. Yavuz (Oxide & Organic Nanomaterials for Energy & Environment (ONE) Lab, Chemistry Program, Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.)

Abstract

Strategies for lowering carbon emissions from hydrocarbons and waste must overcome the challenges related to catalyst durability and the presorting of waste. Reforming low-value carbon sources with carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) offers an industrial-scale pathway for recycling waste streams into fuels and chemicals. We developed a nickel-molybdenum alloy nanocatalyst on single-crystalline magnesium oxide (NiMoCat) in pellet form on a kilogram scale suitable for high-pressure industrial reactors. Aliphatic hydrocarbons (methane, n -butane) and aromatics (benzene, toluene) under pressurized CO 2 yielded quantitative syngas without methanation or undesired oxidative by-products, such as butadiene or polyaromatics. Scaled-up NiMoCat maintains activity during long-term operation and enables a two-step process involving gasification of unsorted waste followed by hybrid reforming under realistic flue gas or CO 2 flow. A detailed life-cycle analysis of biogas-to-dimethyl ether conversion showcases a scalable, sustainable CO 2 utilization compatible with current fuel and chemical infrastructures.

Article Details

Journal Science
Volume / Issue Vol. 392, Issue 6805
Published June 25, 2026
Pages 1369-1374
ISSN 0036-8075
Publisher American Association for the Advancement of Science

Journal Info

Science

American Association for the Advancement of Science

ISSN: 0036-8075 Social Sciences

Authors (14)

S

Seok-Jin Kim

Oxide & Organic Nanomaterials for Energy & Environment (ONE) Lab, Chemistry Program, Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.

R

Raghu V. Maligal-Ganesh

Oxide & Organic Nanomaterials for Energy & Environment (ONE) Lab, Chemistry Program, Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.

J

Javeed Mahmood

Oxide & Organic Nanomaterials for Energy & Environment (ONE) Lab, Chemistry Program, Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.

P

Phil Woong Kang

Oxide & Organic Nanomaterials for Energy & Environment (ONE) Lab, Chemistry Program, Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.

A

Aadesh Harale

Research and Development Center, Saudi Aramco, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.

A

Abdulrahman S. AlSuhaibani

Research and Development Center, Saudi Aramco, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.

Q

Qingyuan Hu

Research and Development Center, Saudi Aramco, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.

A

Ammar H. Alahmed

Research and Development Center, Saudi Aramco, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.

A

Aqil Jamal

Research and Development Center, Saudi Aramco, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.

R

Rukaiyat Suleiman

Clean Energy Research Platform, PSE, KAUST, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.

H

Husain Baaqel

Clean Energy Research Platform, PSE, KAUST, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.

M

Mert Atilhan

Department of Chemical and Paper Engineering, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA.

S

S. Mani Sarathy

Division of Sciences, Krea University, Andhra Pradesh, India.

C

Cafer T. Yavuz

Oxide & Organic Nanomaterials for Energy & Environment (ONE) Lab, Chemistry Program, Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.