Impulsive excitation of squeezed phonons in single crystal germanium by an x-ray laser

N Nan Wang H Haoyuan Li (Icahn Genomics Institute, Precision Immunology Institute, Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Friedman Brain Institute) Y Yanwen Sun (Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory) D Dillon Hanlon (Department of Physics, Arizona State University 4 , Tempe, Arizona 85287,) Y Yijing Huang P Peihao Sun B Baochen She (Department of Physics, Stanford University 1 , Stanford, California 94305,) C Chance Ornelas-Skarin (Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University 10 , Stanford, California 94305,) S Samuel W. Teitelbaum (Department of Physics, Arizona State University 4 , Tempe, Arizona 85287,) M Mark Sutton (Department of Physics, McGill University 11 , Montreal, Québec H3A 2T8,) P Paul H. Fuoss (Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 3 , Menlo Park, California 94025,) J J. B. Hastings T Takahiro Sato (Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States) S Sanghoon Song (Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States) M Mariano Trigo (Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 6 , Menlo Park, California 94025,) D David A. Reis (Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 6 , Menlo Park, California 94025,) M Mike Dunne (Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 3 , Menlo Park, California 94025,) D Diling Zhu (Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory)

Abstract

In this Letter, we present the experimental observation of squeezed phonon generation in semiconductor germanium (Ge) induced by x-ray excitation. Prior x-ray pump, x-ray probe studies reported coherent longitudinal acoustic phonon generation in insulating oxides like strontium titanate and potassium tantalate. In contrast, such signals were not observed in semiconductors likely due to limited signal-to-noise ratio. Now, with an improved experimental setup, we observe a phonon response in single-crystal germanium. Utilizing x-ray split-delay optics with enhanced stability, we extract the phonon dispersion relation, which shows strong agreement with the calculated transverse acoustic phonon mode. Our results reveal that responses to x-ray excitations in semiconductors are of a similar nature to optical excitations. This suggests that the initial response to x-ray core–hole excitations rapidly diffuses to a non-local excitation, similar to what is observed with optical laser valence excitation on a femtosecond timescale.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 126, Issue 22
Published June 02, 2025
ISSN 0003-6951
Publisher American Institute of Physics

Journal Info

Applied Physics Letters

American Institute of Physics

ISSN: 0003-6951 Physical Sciences

Authors (18)

N

Nan Wang

H

Haoyuan Li

Icahn Genomics Institute, Precision Immunology Institute, Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Friedman Brain Institute

Y

Yanwen Sun

Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory

D

Dillon Hanlon

Department of Physics, Arizona State University 4 , Tempe, Arizona 85287,

Y

Yijing Huang

P

Peihao Sun

B

Baochen She

Department of Physics, Stanford University 1 , Stanford, California 94305,

C

Chance Ornelas-Skarin

Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University 10 , Stanford, California 94305,

S

Samuel W. Teitelbaum

Department of Physics, Arizona State University 4 , Tempe, Arizona 85287,

M

Mark Sutton

Department of Physics, McGill University 11 , Montreal, Québec H3A 2T8,

P

Paul H. Fuoss

Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 3 , Menlo Park, California 94025,

J

J. B. Hastings

T

Takahiro Sato

Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States

S

Sanghoon Song

Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States

M

Mariano Trigo

Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 6 , Menlo Park, California 94025,

D

David A. Reis

Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 6 , Menlo Park, California 94025,

M

Mike Dunne

Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 3 , Menlo Park, California 94025,

D

Diling Zhu

Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory