Highly selective aptasensor for optical detection of whole cell gastrointestinal pathogen <i>Shigella dysenteriae</i> at label-free liquid crystal–aqueous interface

Abstract

This paper describes a label-free liquid crystal (LC)-based biosensor for a rapid and straightforward detection of whole cell Shigella dysenteriae at aqueous interfaces using a bacteria-specific aptamer. The stimuli-receptive properties of LCs induce a change in the orientational ordering of molecules at the LC–aqueous interface. This interfacial phenomenon has been utilized to record target binding interactions of the biosensor. The homeotropic LC alignment at the glass–LC and the aqueous–LC interfaces was obtained using the aligning agent dimethyloctadecyl [3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl] ammonium chloride and the self-assembling property of the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, respectively. The introduction of the negatively charged Shigella aptamer causes the homeotropic molecules to morph to a planar/tilted ordering. Upon adding a small quantity of Shigella cells in liquid media, the aptamer–bacterium interaction causes a redistribution of the surfactant at the LC–aqueous interface, restoring the homeotropic alignment. This results in a bright-to-dark optical change observed under a polarizing optical microscope, thus implying the presence of the microbes. This reported aptasensor demonstrates high specificity, with the limit of detection being 30 CFU/ml within a linear range of 1–105 CFU/ml. To test the utility of this system, the sensor was also tested with close taxonomic relatives S. dysenteriae as well as real samples from the food chain. This proposed LC-based sensor offers several advantages over conventional detection techniques for a quick and convenient way for the detection of whole cell targets.