Dynamic asymmetric strain imprinted into substrates by an oxide thin film

E Elliot Kisiel (Physics Department, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.) A Alexandre Pofelski (Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA.) P Pavel Salev (Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA.) E Erbin Qiu (Physics Department, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.) S Spencer Reisbick (Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA.) C Chuhang Liu (Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA.) A Andreas Glatz (Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA.) I Ishwor Poudyal (X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA.) W Wei He R Rourav Basak (Physics Department, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.) K Kaan Alp Yay (Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.) J Junjie Li (Physics Department, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.) U Umeshkumar Patel (X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA.) Z Zhan Zhang A Arndt Last (Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.) Y Yimei Zhu (Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA.) I Ivan K. Schuller (Physics Department, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.) Z Zahir Islam (X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA.) A Alex Frano (Physics Department, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.)

Abstract

In film-substrate systems, the substrate role is often considered to be limited to providing static mechanical constraints. Dynamic film-substrate interactions when a structural change in the film modifies the substrate are generally disregarded. Using combined x-ray and electron microscopies, we observed that an electrically induced filament in a vanadium dioxide film created strong asymmetric strain in an underlying sapphire substrate. This asymmetric substrate strain fed back into the film and defined the filament expansion direction, revealing the importance of film-substrate dynamic interactions in determining film functionality. Furthermore, the strain imprint propagated at least tens of micrometers deep into the substrate, exceeding the film thickness by more than 200-fold, potentially enabling substrate functionalization as an active mechanical coupling media in three-dimensional integrated microelectronic architectures.

Article Details

Journal Science
Volume / Issue Vol. 393, Issue 6809
Published July 23, 2026
Pages 392-397
ISSN 0036-8075
Publisher American Association for the Advancement of Science

Journal Info

Science

American Association for the Advancement of Science

ISSN: 0036-8075 Social Sciences

Authors (19)

E

Elliot Kisiel

Physics Department, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.

A

Alexandre Pofelski

Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA.

P

Pavel Salev

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA.

E

Erbin Qiu

Physics Department, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.

S

Spencer Reisbick

Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA.

C

Chuhang Liu

Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA.

A

Andreas Glatz

Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA.

I

Ishwor Poudyal

X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA.

W

Wei He

R

Rourav Basak

Physics Department, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.

K

Kaan Alp Yay

Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

J

Junjie Li

Physics Department, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.

U

Umeshkumar Patel

X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA.

Z

Zhan Zhang

A

Arndt Last

Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.

Y

Yimei Zhu

Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA.

I

Ivan K. Schuller

Physics Department, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.

Z

Zahir Islam

X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA.

A

Alex Frano

Physics Department, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.