Compact high-precision Jones matrix metasurfaces for producing high-order vector vortex waves at microwave frequencies

Abstract

Compact, high-precision Jones matrix metasurfaces, employing quasi-two-dimensional metasurfaces composed of a single-layer quasi-H-type patch, are presented for producing high-order vector vortex waves at microwave frequencies. The relationship between the spatial polarization mode of the vector waves described in the higher-order Poincaré (HOP) sphere and the higher-precision Jones matrix metasurface is established based on a derivation of the Jones matrix. The numerical results show that vector waves with spatial polarization mode orders of ±1 and ±2 can be accurately realized using compact, high-precision Jones matrix metasurfaces with orders of ±1 and ±2. In principle, Jones matrix metasurfaces can realize vector vortex waves of arbitrary order described in the HOP sphere. Two prototypes, namely, high-precision Jones matrix metasurfaces with orders of +1 and +2, are fabricated and experimentally investigated with various polarization morphologies. Good agreement is achieved between the simulations and the experimental results. These results will benefit the development of polarization multiplexing and help expand the applications of vector beams in the microwave range.