Assessing the net climate benefits of improved grazing intensity in global rangelands

R Robert S. Powell (Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.) S Steven J. Davis D David G. Encarnation (Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.) J Johannes Piipponen J Jinfeng Chang (State Key Laboratory of Soil Pollution Control and Safety, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.) C Courtney M. Currier (Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.) K Karl-Heinz Erb (Institute of Social Ecology Vienna, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.) S Samuel Eze (Department of Agriculture and Environment, Harper Adams University, Newport, UK.) C Chaopeng Hong (Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China.) P Pierre Ploton (AMAP Univ Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, INRAE, CIRAD, Montpellier, France.) S Shuai Ren (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.) P Pete Smith J Jishuai Su (College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China.) G Giuseppe Tempio (Animal Production and Health Division (NSA), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy,) C Cesar Terrer (Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.) D Dominik Wisser (Animal Production and Health Division (NSA), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy,) F Fengwei Xu (Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.) A Adam F. A. Pellegrini (Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.)

Abstract

Improved rangeland grazing could mitigate climate change through carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) sequestration in soils and vegetation. However, altering grazing practices to increase ecosystem carbon storage may also decrease livestock production and/or increase greenhouse gas emissions through the supply chain, such that the net emissions impacts remain unclear. Here, we assess the global net mitigation potential of improving grazing intensity by quantifying potential CO 2 sequestration alongside systems-level impacts of plant productivity changes, livestock emissions, feed requirements, and production constraints. Improving grazing intensity in global rangelands could sequester 2.2 ± 0.43 gigatons of carbon dioxide equivalent (Gt/CO 2 eq) per year in the near term, but maintaining livestock production through supplemental feeding would reduce net mitigation by 2 to 31% (to 1.8 ± 0.45 GT/CO 2 eq per year). Our results suggest that neglecting systems-level emissions impacts may substantially overestimate the global climate benefits of improved grazing.

Article Details

Journal Science
Volume / Issue Vol. 392, Issue 6803
Published June 11, 2026
Pages 1161-1166
ISSN 0036-8075
Publisher American Association for the Advancement of Science

Journal Info

Science

American Association for the Advancement of Science

ISSN: 0036-8075 Social Sciences

Authors (18)

R

Robert S. Powell

Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

S

Steven J. Davis

D

David G. Encarnation

Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

J

Johannes Piipponen

J

Jinfeng Chang

State Key Laboratory of Soil Pollution Control and Safety, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

C

Courtney M. Currier

Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

K

Karl-Heinz Erb

Institute of Social Ecology Vienna, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.

S

Samuel Eze

Department of Agriculture and Environment, Harper Adams University, Newport, UK.

C

Chaopeng Hong

Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China.

P

Pierre Ploton

AMAP Univ Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, INRAE, CIRAD, Montpellier, France.

S

Shuai Ren

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.

P

Pete Smith

J

Jishuai Su

College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China.

G

Giuseppe Tempio

Animal Production and Health Division (NSA), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy,

C

Cesar Terrer

Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.

D

Dominik Wisser

Animal Production and Health Division (NSA), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy,

F

Fengwei Xu

Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China.

A

Adam F. A. Pellegrini

Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.