Antibiotics stimulate protein transfer to persister cells

A Alice X. Wen J Julia Bos (Institut Pasteur, Unité Plasticité du Génome Bactérien, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3525, Paris, France.) D Debojyoti Panda (John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.) K Katelin M. Hagstrom (Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.) S Shubham Singh (Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.) S Shrawan Kumar Mageswaran (Institute of Structural Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.) X Xiaoli Wang (Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.) B Bo Hu K Kobie T. Welch (Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.) M Matthew B. Cooke J Jennifer A. Halliday L Laura Deus Ramirez (Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.) A Antoinette E. Martinez (Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.) Y Yi-Wei Chang (Institute of Structural Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.) D David A. Weitz C Christophe Herman

Abstract

The exchange of biological matter between bacterial cells drives adaptation and evolution. However, whether bacteria can exchange functional proteins remains unclear. In this work, we found that antibiotic treatment can induce vesicle-mediated horizontal protein transfer within and between bacterial species. We developed a genetic system in Escherichia coli to track transfer events and performed single-cell transcriptomic profiling on an isogenic population of bacteria. Antibiotics stimulated the differentiation of this isogenic population into distinct cell states: donor cells that activated a membrane stress response to release protein-containing vesicles and recipient cells that suppressed this response to acquire protein from their neighbors. Protein uptake enhanced the antibiotic persistence of recipient cells, revealing that vesicle exchange promotes bacterial survival during antibiotic treatment.

Article Details

Journal Science
Volume / Issue Vol. 392, Issue 6805
Published June 25, 2026
ISSN 0036-8075
Publisher American Association for the Advancement of Science

Journal Info

Science

American Association for the Advancement of Science

ISSN: 0036-8075 Social Sciences

Authors (16)

A

Alice X. Wen

J

Julia Bos

Institut Pasteur, Unité Plasticité du Génome Bactérien, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3525, Paris, France.

D

Debojyoti Panda

John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.

K

Katelin M. Hagstrom

Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.

S

Shubham Singh

Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.

S

Shrawan Kumar Mageswaran

Institute of Structural Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

X

Xiaoli Wang

Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.

B

Bo Hu

K

Kobie T. Welch

Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.

M

Matthew B. Cooke

J

Jennifer A. Halliday

L

Laura Deus Ramirez

Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.

A

Antoinette E. Martinez

Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.

Y

Yi-Wei Chang

Institute of Structural Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

D

David A. Weitz

C

Christophe Herman