Analog-to-digital converter based on spin–orbit torque magnetic tunnel junctions

X X. H. Li Y Y. Q. Xu (Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 , Beijing 100190,) R R. Zhang C C. H. Wan (Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 , Beijing 100190,) S S. L. Xiong (Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 , Beijing 100190,) D D. H. Kong (Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 , Beijing 100190,) J J. H. Xia (Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 , Beijing 100190,) G G. Q. Yu (Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 , Beijing 100190,) X X. F. Han (Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 , Beijing 100190,)

Abstract

Analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) serve as a crucial interface between the physical and digital worlds, playing an essential role across a wide range of applications. However, achieving an ADC that simultaneously offers high speed, high resolution, and low power consumption remains a significant challenge. Recent advances in spintronics, particularly in spin–orbit torque magnetic tunnel junctions (SOT-MTJs), have shown significant promise for the development of true random number generators (TRNGs). In this study, we propose and demonstrate an ADC architecture based on SOT-MTJ-driven TRNGs with tunable resolution. We experimentally verify the stochastic switching behavior of SOT-MTJs and utilize this property to implement a resolution-adjustable ADC. Circuit-level simulations implemented on a Field-Programmable Gate Array platform confirm the feasibility of the proposed design. Our results further broaden the application of SOT-MTJs, which may play an important role in external signal processing and artificial intelligence hardware acceleration in the future.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 129, Issue 4
Published July 27, 2026
ISSN 0003-6951
Publisher American Institute of Physics

Journal Info

Applied Physics Letters

American Institute of Physics

ISSN: 0003-6951 Physical Sciences

Authors (9)

X

X. H. Li

Y

Y. Q. Xu

Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 , Beijing 100190,

R

R. Zhang

C

C. H. Wan

Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 , Beijing 100190,

S

S. L. Xiong

Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 , Beijing 100190,

D

D. H. Kong

Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 , Beijing 100190,

J

J. H. Xia

Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 , Beijing 100190,

G

G. Q. Yu

Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 , Beijing 100190,

X

X. F. Han

Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 , Beijing 100190,