All optical broadband tunable quantum frequency shifter

Abstract

A frequency shifter of the photon is a key component for frequency-multiplexed high-capacity quantum communications and frequency-encoded quantum computation. Existed methods for shifting the frequency of a photon based on electro-optical or acousto-optical effect, however, suffer the limited frequency shift up to a few hundreds of GHz; furthermore, high-quality micro-wave electronics are required. The frequency of a photon can also be shifted with the frequency difference equal to the frequency of pump laser by using an all optical-wave-mixing approach, which is usually about tens of THz. So, there is a big frequency shifting gap between these methods. Here, we propose a new scheme of a quantum frequency shifter based on an all-optical-wave-mixing process, which can theoretically achieve a frequency shift ranging from GHz to a few THz, therefore bridging the gap. As a principle of poof, by using two pump beams in a three-wave mixing cascading process, a heralded single photon is frequency-shifted more than ±400 GHz, and the shift can be tuned continuously over broadband by changing the frequency difference between two pump lasers. In addition, high coincidence to accidence ratio between the shifted photons and the heralded photon indicates the preserve of quantum properties. The present quantum frequency shifter is in analog to an electro-optical based shifter, but with much broader tuning ability. Our all-optical quantum frequency shifter will become a fundamental building block for high-speed quantum communication networks and frequency-domain photonic quantum computation.