A three-dimensional multimode lumped-element resonator for collective spin manipulation and dispersive readout

Z Zhuo Chen W Wen-Hua Qin (Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China 1 , Hefei 230026,) H Han-Yu Ren (Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China 1 , Hefei 230026,) Z Zi-yi Liu (Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University) K Kae Nemoto (Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University 3 , Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495,) W William John Munro (Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University 3 , Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495,) Y Yingqiu Mao (Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China 1 , Hefei 230026,) J Johannes Majer (Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China 1 , Hefei 230026,)

Abstract

We report a three-dimensional lumped-element multimode microwave resonator that enables homogeneous collective manipulation and dispersive readout of a macroscopic spin ensemble. By exploiting geometric symmetry, two anti-symmetric modes with strongly suppressed crosstalk are engineered to spatially overlap and couple to the same ensemble at distinct frequencies. Using negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV−) centers in diamond at 28 mK, we observe a collective coupling strength of 5.0 MHz, which is in the vicinity of strong-coupling regime, and demonstrate nondestructive dispersive readout via a detuned mode. The compact design, tunable coupling, and high field homogeneity make this resonator a versatile device for hybrid spin–photon systems and multimode solid-state quantum technologies.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 128, Issue 22
Published June 01, 2026
ISSN 0003-6951
Publisher American Institute of Physics

Journal Info

Applied Physics Letters

American Institute of Physics

ISSN: 0003-6951 Physical Sciences

Authors (8)

Z

Zhuo Chen

W

Wen-Hua Qin

Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China 1 , Hefei 230026,

H

Han-Yu Ren

Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China 1 , Hefei 230026,

Z

Zi-yi Liu

Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University

K

Kae Nemoto

Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University 3 , Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495,

W

William John Munro

Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University 3 , Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495,

Y

Yingqiu Mao

Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China 1 , Hefei 230026,

J

Johannes Majer

Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China 1 , Hefei 230026,