A sub–10-millisecond neural dynamical system based on phase-change memristors

L Lei Cai (New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China.) Y Yaoyu Tao (New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China.) C Chenchen Xie (State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.) L Longhao Yan (New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China.) S Shiqian Li (Center for Artificial Intelligence Chips, Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, China.) R Ruihong Shen (Center for Artificial Intelligence Chips, Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, China.) Z Zelun Pan (New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China.) X Xile Wang (New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China.) B Bowen Wang (New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China.) D Daijing Shi (New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China.) Y Yihang Zhu (New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China.) T Teng Zhang Y Yixin Zhu X Xi Li (State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.) Z Zhitang Song (State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.) R Ru Huang (New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China.) Y Yuchao Yang (New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China.)

Abstract

High-fidelity geometry for physical-world modeling demands real-time, dense, and differentiable deformation fields on manifolds. Neural dynamical systems (NDSs) using adaptive stepsize integration with embedded neural networks excel at these tasks but still suffer latency on the order of hundreds of milliseconds. In this work, we report a sub–10-millisecond NDS hardware leveraging the precisely controlled conductance drift of phase-change memristors and their multilevel compute-in-memory capabilities. We fabricated a 40-nanometer NDS chip for the challenging surface reconstruction tasks. Compared with state-of-the-art NDS hardware, our NDS design achieves a latency of 2.12 milliseconds (below 10 milliseconds) for single-iteration NDS computations with an error tolerance of 10 −7 and delivers 3.82× to 36.27× faster speed while consuming 11.75× to 24.73× less power. The end-to-end NDS latency through hardware measurements and simulations outperformed graphics processing unit A100 by 50.38× to 478.18×.

Article Details

Journal Science
Volume / Issue Vol. 393, Issue 6806
Published July 02, 2026
Pages 105-112
ISSN 0036-8075
Publisher American Association for the Advancement of Science

Journal Info

Science

American Association for the Advancement of Science

ISSN: 0036-8075 Social Sciences

Authors (17)

L

Lei Cai

New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China.

Y

Yaoyu Tao

New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China.

C

Chenchen Xie

State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.

L

Longhao Yan

New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China.

S

Shiqian Li

Center for Artificial Intelligence Chips, Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, China.

R

Ruihong Shen

Center for Artificial Intelligence Chips, Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, China.

Z

Zelun Pan

New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China.

X

Xile Wang

New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China.

B

Bowen Wang

New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China.

D

Daijing Shi

New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China.

Y

Yihang Zhu

New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China.

T

Teng Zhang

Y

Yixin Zhu

X

Xi Li

State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.

Z

Zhitang Song

State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.

R

Ru Huang

New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China.

Y

Yuchao Yang

New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China.