A DNA-inspired magnetic millimeter-scale swimmer with double conical chains

K Kun Zhang Z Zenghua Fan J Jianhua Diao (School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology 1 , Zibo 255049,) L Lefeng Wang (State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology 2 , Harbin 150001,) H Hefeng Wang W Weibin Rong (State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology 2 , Harbin 150001,) C Changyu He (School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology 1 , Zibo 255049,)

Abstract

Microswimmers have attracted significant attention in biomedical engineering and targeted drug delivery. However, the current microswimmer designs are hindered by low swimming velocity and poor maneuverability. In the present study, a DNA-inspired magnetic millimeter-scale swimmer with double conical chains was designed. The millimeter-scale swimmer was fabricated by 3D printing and magnetron sputtering processes. The position of the magnetic swimmer was controlled via a rotating magnetic field generated by the Helmholtz coils. The dynamic model of the DNA-inspired magnetic swimmer was established to analyze the swimming velocity. The effects of various magnetic field strengths and fluid viscosities on the swimming velocity were investigated by theoretical, simulative, and experimental approaches. The maximum swimming velocity and the highest out-of-step frequency of the millimeter-scale swimmer were 1.6 mm/s and 34 Hz, respectively. The maneuverability of the designed millimeter-scale swimmer was verified by the W-shaped trajectory experiments.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 128, Issue 20
Published May 18, 2026
ISSN 0003-6951
Publisher American Institute of Physics

Journal Info

Applied Physics Letters

American Institute of Physics

ISSN: 0003-6951 Physical Sciences

Authors (7)

K

Kun Zhang

Z

Zenghua Fan

J

Jianhua Diao

School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology 1 , Zibo 255049,

L

Lefeng Wang

State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology 2 , Harbin 150001,

H

Hefeng Wang

W

Weibin Rong

State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology 2 , Harbin 150001,

C

Changyu He

School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology 1 , Zibo 255049,