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Shock compression of [101¯0]-axis zinc single crystal
Zinc single crystals have been shocked by planar impact along the [101¯0] axis as well as in the off-axis direction. The evolution of compression waves has been analyzed from the free surface velocity profiles of zinc single crystal samples. A slip on the primary system is activated by impact loading in directions making angles of θ = 17°–64° with respect to the [101¯0] axis. The phenomenon of the formation of two plastic compression waves propagating at different velocities is observed in samples oriented at angles of 53° and 64°. The spall fracture of single crystal zinc samples oriented in different directions has been measured. It is shown that the highest value of spall strength is recorded along the highly symmetric axis of the crystal. The experimental results presented are consistent with the data published in the scientific literature on beryllium and magnesium and confirm the important role of crystalline anisotropy in the process of inelastic deformation of single crystals.
Nutritional assessment of adolescents: A cross-sectional study from public schools of North India
Background Technological advancements and globalization have shifted dietary behaviours, contributing to increased chronic disease prevalence in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) like India. Adolescents are particularly vulnerable due to these changes, which can impact their lifelong health. This study aimed to assess the nutritional status of adolescents in public schools in Chandigarh, India. Methodology Conducted as part of a cluster randomized control trial, the study used two-stage random sampling to select 12 schools and eighth-grade classes, recruiting 453 adolescents aged 10–16 years. Nutritional status was evaluated through dietary behaviour assessments, anthropometric measurements, and 24-hour urinary salt-level analysis. Dietary patterns were recorded using two 24-hour recalls, and analyzed with PURE study software based on 2010 Indian dietary data from ICMR-NIN. Anthropometric measures followed standardized protocols, and salt levels were assessed in laboratories. Results The mean age of the adolescents was 13.06 years, with 55% being boys. Among them, 32% had high salt intake, and 55% had high sugar intake. Additionally, 90% had low fruit intake, and 83% had low vegetable intake. The adolescents were deficient in several macro and micronutrients, including energy, fats, fibre, iron, zinc, iodine, riboflavin, and vitamins B-6 and B-12. A higher proportion of boys (10%) were classified as thin compared to girls (2%), while a greater proportion of girls (36%) had abdominal obesity. In contrast, a larger proportion of boys (23%) were severely acutely malnourished. Nearly all adolescents exhibited high urinary excretory salt levels. Conclusion Most adolescents exhibited dietary risk factors, including high salt and sugar intake, along with low consumption of fruits and vegetables. Many were deficient in various macro and micronutrients, with the coexistence of both thinness and obesity. Regular nutritional assessments in schools are essential to address the dual burden of undernutrition and overnutrition. Furthermore, health-promoting interventions should be developed within school settings to encourage healthy dietary practices.
Piezoelectric thin films and their applications in MEMS: A review
With the increasing demand for devices in miniaturization, accuracy, and low power consumption, developing microdevices in the form of piezoelectric thin films is significant for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) applications. Piezoelectric thin films offer advantages of miniaturization and low power consumption, holding immense potential in MEMS, especially with advancements in micro-nanomanufacturing technologies. In this review, we highlighted the compelling piezoelectric properties and summarized the latest research progress of thin films, with an emphasis on recent advances in piezoelectric MEMS. We mainly introduced the recent developments on different types of piezoelectric MEMS (piezo-MEMS), along with the descriptions of piezoelectric effects, film preparation, film properties, and device indicators. We have emphasized the comparison of MEMS with different piezoelectric materials and methods for improving devices. The recent achievements of piezoelectric thin films in MEMS applications and the future development of MEMS applications are also reviewed.
Does curcumin supplementation affect inflammation, blood count and serum brain-derived neurotropic factor concentration in amateur long-distance runners?
Curcumin is known for its potential health benefits; however, the evidence remains inconclusive regarding its necessity as a supplement for athletes during the preparatory phase of training. This study aimed to assess the effect of 6-week curcumin supplementation at a dose of 2g/day on selected inflammatory markers, blood count, and brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) levels in middle-aged amateur long-distance runners during the preparatory period of a macrocycle. Thirty runners were randomly assigned to either a curcumin-supplemented group (CUR, n = 15) or a placebo group (PLA, n = 15). Venous blood samples were collected at rest, immediately post-exercise, and 1h post-exercise. The participants underwent a graded exercise stress test, with an increasing inclination angle after reaching a speed of 14 km/h, both before and after the 6-week supplementation period. Blood samples were collected at rest, 3 minutes post-stress test, and after 1 hour of recovery. The results showed no significant changes in C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 β (IL-1β), or blood morphology due to curcumin supplementation. However, BDNF levels increased by 21% in the CUR group post-supplementation, while a 5% decrease was observed in the PLA group. These findings do not support a significant effect of curcumin supplementation on inflammatory markers, blood count, or BDNF concentration. Further research is warranted to determine the potential benefits of curcumin supplementation for endurance athletes during the preparatory period for a training cycle.
Design of miniaturized and polarization insensitive frequency selective surface filter with large band ratio
In this paper, a miniaturized and polarization insensitive frequency selective surface filter with large band ratio (BR) is presented. This structure consists of one metal layer and two dielectric layers. The metal layer includes two parts, with the outer square loop providing a lower frequency stopband and the inner pattern providing a higher frequency stopband. The structure has excellent miniaturization characteristics, in particular, the unit size is only 0.054λ0 and the thickness is only 0.014λ0, where λ0 is the wavelength corresponding to the first resonant frequency. Additionally, there is only one layer of metal layer, which greatly reduces the processing complexity and cost. The measurement results show that for TE and TM polarization, the center frequencies of the two stop bands are 2.03 and 18.98 GHz corresponding to a BR of 9.35. It can be used as a spatial dual frequency filter with large frequency band separation. In addition, the proposed structure also possesses advantages such as wideband response, polarization insensitivity, and high angle stability. The simulation results are in good agreement with the measured results.
Ankle muscle strength and activation are associated with walking patterns in preschool and school-age children
Walking patterns can differ between children and adults, both kinematically and kinetically. However, the detailed nature of the ankle pattern has not been clarified. We investigated musculature, biomechanics, and muscle activation strategies and their relevance to walking performance in preschool (PS) and school children (SC), with adults (AD) as reference. Twenty-six PS (3–5 yr), 20 SC (6–8 yr), and 17 AD (18–30 yr) participated. Tibialis anterior (TA) and medial gastrocnemius (MG) thicknesses, fascicle lengths, and maximal voluntary dorsi- and plantar flexion isometric torques were measured. Hip, knee, and ankle kinematics, ground reaction forces (GRFs), and TA and MG electromyographic activities were recorded during shod walking at each participant’s preferred speed. Walking speed, step length, and cadence were correlated with age in PS. These walking performance measures were also correlated with muscle thickness and fascicle length, showing higher speed in individuals with thicker muscles and longer TA and MG fascicles (conversely, higher cadence with thinner muscles and shorter fascicles). AD demonstrated the largest values for muscle thickness (p<0.001), fascicle length (p<0.001), strength (p<0.001), and walking performance (speed p = 0.004; step length p<0.001; cadence p<0.001), followed by SC then PS. Both PS and SC exhibited higher TA activities than AD during the stance phase, resulting in a higher co-activation index. The GRFs relative to body weight were lower in both horizontal and vertical components in PS compared to SC and AD, while the relative lateral force during stance was greatest in PS followed by SC and then AD. Differences in preferred walking speed and step length were associated with age and muscle size. Children, particularly preschool-aged, employed a co-activation strategy of dorsi- and plantar flexors for stabilization, which resulted in sideways steps even at a preferred walking speed.
Investigation on coupling between ferro-orderings and energy harvesting properties of nickel ferrite and strontium modified barium titanate composites
Environment-friendly, low power-consuming magnetoelectric composites possess the interesting coupling between various ferro-order parameters and find applications in magnetic sensors, waveguides, transducers, spintronics, four-state memory devices, etc. The particulate composites (x)NiFe2O4–(1 − x)Ba0.9Sr0.1TiO3 were prepared using the hybrid sol-gel method using the conventional ceramic double-sintering method. The ferromagnetic nickel ferrite crystallized into a cubic crystal structure whose x-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks could be indexed to Fd3¯m space group. The ferroelectric strontium-substituted barium titanate crystallized to a tetragonal crystal structure with P4mm space group. Presence of both crystal symmetries and elemental compositions as per the proposed stoichimetry were observed from experimental results (XRD and electron microscopy techniques). Koop's phenomenological theory could be employed to explain the impedance spectra in the range of 1 kHz to 1 MHz. The effect of Maxwell–Wagner polarization and space charge polarization on the dielectric properties of composites have been observed. The Arrott plot technique successfully explains the suitability of composites for high-energy storage applications. The coupling between both ferro-orderings has been revealed from the magneto-dielectric curves and its dependency on the microstructure has been observed. The magnetocapacitance increased with the increase in NiFe2O4 composition in the (x)NiFe2O4–(1 − x)Ba0.9Sr0.1TiO3 composite. The 30% NiFe2O4 in (x)NiFe2O4–(1 − x)Ba0.9Sr0.1TiO3 composite exhibited overall better energy harvesting (η = 62.9%) and magnetodielectric properties (MC = 1.4%, MI = 20% at 1 kHz).
Machine learning approach to student performance prediction of online learning
Student performance is crucial for addressing learning process problems and is also an important factor in measuring learning outcomes. The ability to improve educational systems using data knowledge has driven the development of the field of educational data mining research. Here, this paper proposes a machine learning method for the prediction of student performance based on online learning. The critical thought is that eleven learning behavioral indicators are constructed according to online learning process, following that, through analyzing the correlation between the eleven learning behavioral indicators and the scores obtained by students online learning, we filter out those learning behavioral indicators that are weakly correlated with student scores, meanwhile, retain these learning behavior indicators being strongly correlated with student scores, which are used as the eigenvalue indicators. Finally, using the eigenvalue indicators to train the proposed logistic regress model with Taylor expansion. Experimental results show that the proposed logistic regress model defeats against the comparative models in prediction ability. Results also indicate that there is a significant dependency between students’ initiative in learning and learning duration, nevertheless, learning duration has a significant effect on the prediction of student performance.
Crystalline–disordered–crystalline transition in nitrogen–carbon materials
Nitrogen–carbon (N–C) materials range from graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) to graphite with nitrogen defects. Between these two crystalline extremes lies a spectrum of semi-crystalline and disordered materials. The question is whether these structural transitions are related to material’s composition, and if yes, how? Here, we answer these questions based on experimental and computational investigations on the structural evolution in N–C systems and their correlation with the chemical and electronic properties. Crystalline g-CN is used as the starting material with a systematical reduction in its N-content through heat treatment. As the N-content reduces, crystalline g-CN transitions into N-containing disordered carbons followed by N-containing graphitic carbons. The experimentally deduced electronic properties of the N–C systems with decreasing N-content are validated by theoretical methods using Density Functional Theory (DFT) approach. A qualitative match between the experimentally deduced and theoretically computed electronic properties indicate crystalline to disordered to crystalline structures in such materials at two noticeable transition points around the N/C ratios of 0.35 and 0.17, respectively.
Study on the effect of water content on physical properties of bentonite
Moisture content profoundly influences the engineering properties of expansive soil, a critical consideration in various geotechnical applications. This study delves into the intricate relationship between water content and the physical properties of bentonite, a key constituent of expansive soil. Through a comprehensive analysis encompassing fundamental physical properties, rheological characteristics, permeability behavior, and microscopic features, we elucidate the complex interplay between water content and bentonite behavior. Our investigation reveals distinct responses to varying moisture levels: at low water content (w = 50%), unsaturated samples undergo incremental density increases attributed to moisture accumulation among particles. Concomitantly, heightened pressure fosters enhanced cohesion between particles, bolstering mechanical properties and augmenting reverse osmosis capacity. Conversely, at higher water content levels (w > w saturated), the escalation of free water within soil particles triggers pronounced particle softening, overshadowing expansion effects. Consequently, cohesion diminishes, and particles exhibit micro-scale flocculation. These findings offer valuable insights into bentonite behavior under differing moisture regimes, thereby providing a robust theoretical foundation for projects requiring bentonite seepage control.
Impact of Ga overpressure on the metal modulation epitaxy growth of AlN/AlGaN short period superlattices
The formation of AlN/AlGaN short period superlattices (SPSLs) was investigated though the introduction of a constant Ga overpressure during the metal modulated epitaxy (MME) growth of AlN. A combination of x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) analyses found that control over the Al composition in the AlGaN layer was achieved through modulating the Ga beam equivalent pressure (BEP), with a minimum partial pressure of 3 × 10−7 Torr needed for Ga to incorporate at a growth temperature of 825 °C. A minimum Al composition in the AlGaN layer of 72% was achieved for a Ga BEP of 1 × 10−6 Torr using this method. An apparent limit of the AlGaN layer thickness of 3–4 ML indicated that the incorporation of Ga was confined to the consumption region of the MME growth process. Determination of this behavior made clear the requirements of having both XRD and STEM in order to be able to fully characterize the SPSL layer structure. Finally, AFM imaging highlighted that the presence of Ga on the surface behaved as a surfactant, with a minimum RMS roughness of 0.46 nm achieved at the maximum Ga BEP of 1 × 10−6 Torr.
Acceptability of a dapivirine levonorgestrel vaginal ring in two Phase 1 trials (MTN-030/IPM 041 and MTN-044/IPM 053/CCN019): Implications for multipurpose prevention technology development
End-user feedback early in product development is important for optimizing multipurpose prevention technologies for HIV and pregnancy prevention. We evaluated the acceptability of the 90-day dapivirine levonorgestrel ring (DPV-LNG ring) used for 14 days compared to a dapivirine-only ring (DVR-200mg) in MTN-030/IPM 041 (n = 23), and when used for 90 days cyclically or continuously in MTN-044/IPM 053/CCN019 (n = 25). We enrolled healthy, non-pregnant, HIV-negative women aged 18–45 in Pittsburgh, PA and Birmingham, AL (MTN-030 only). Self-reports of vaginal bleeding and adherence (ring removals, expulsions) were collected via daily short message service. Acceptability data were recorded in face-to-face interviews at study exit. We assessed differences in acceptability by product characteristics and adherence; and associations between baseline characteristics/demographics, number of bleeding days, adherence, and overall acceptability. Most (21/23) women in the 14-day MTN-030 study and about half (13/25) in the 90-day MTN-044 study liked their assigned rings. In MTN-030 there were no significant associations between any variables and overall acceptability of either ring. In MTN-044, women who disliked the DPV-LNG ring had a significantly higher incidence of unanticipated vaginal bleeding, and reporting that vaginal bleeding changes were unacceptable than those who liked it. Although we found no overall association between adherence and acceptability, significantly more women who disliked (versus liked) the DPV-LNG ring reported expulsions during toileting. The DPV-LNG ring could meet the needs of women seeking simultaneous protection from HIV and unintended pregnancy. Addressing issues related to vaginal bleeding and expulsions early in product development will likely enhance acceptability of the DPV-LNG ring. Trial registration: Clinical Trial Registration: MTN-030/IPM 041: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02855346; MTN-044/IPM 053/CCN019: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03467347.
Tunable piezoresistivity for sensors with antiferromagnetic pure Cr and Cr-rich alloy thin films: Cr–V, Cr–W, Cr–Mn
Sputter-deposited thin films of pure chromium and chromium-rich alloys with V, W, and Mn are evaluated in terms of electrical resistivity and piezoresistivity, as measured by the gauge factor, from room temperature to 470 °C. The alloying elements vanadium, tungsten, and manganese, are known to either stabilize or destabilize the spin-density wave antiferromagnetism found in Cr. In a concentration series and a substrate bias voltage series, the variation of resistivity, gauge factors (of up to 20), and their temperature coefficients is shown. High-temperature resistivity measurements indicate increased Néel transition temperatures that are related to a gauge factor maximum. Generally, the gauge factor increases toward the Néel temperature. The Cr60Mn40 film, however, has a small negative temperature coefficient of the gauge factor. This is a desired property in strain and pressure sensor films, as it allows for compensating the temperature coefficient of the elastic modulus of aluminum or steel transducers. An analysis of the resistance change through mechanical loading quantifies Néel temperature changes of up to 100 K per percent of strain that are likely the mechanism of the observed piezoresistivity. Overall, the Cr-rich alloy thin films represent a class of metallic piezoresistive films with properties that can be well adjusted to the sensor application by concentration and sputtering parameters.
The intersection of finTech adoption, HR competency potential, service innovation, and firm growth in the banking sectors using Entropy and TOPSIS
The adoption of Financial Technology (FinTech), along with the enhancement of Human Resource (HR) competencies, service innovation, and firm growth, plays a crucial role in the development of the banking sector. Despite their importance, obtaining reliable results is often challenging due to the complex, high-dimensional correlations among various features that affect the industry. To address this issue, this research introduces a hybrid Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) model that integrates the Entropy-Weighted Method (EWM) and the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The primary objective of this study is to systematically evaluate and rank multiple alternatives based on key criteria using the EWM-TOPSIS approaches. Specifically, the analysis considers eleven multifaceted characteristics and eight potential alternatives (A1 to A8), revealing the significant influence of the proposed MCDM approaches in assessing FinTech adoption, HR competency, service innovation, and firm growth. The findings underscore the effectiveness of the entropy-TOPSIS approaches in providing a structured analysis for a smarter and well-informed decision-making. Ultimately, this research proposes the best alternative from the evaluated options, contributing valuable insights into the future role of FinTech, HR competencies, service innovation, and firm growth within the banking sector.
Determination of the thermal conductivity of nanowires based on the metal–insulator transition of VO2
We develop the theoretical foundation to determine the thermal conductivity of a single nanowire by using the optical contrast of the metallic and insulating domains of a VO2 nanowire excited with either a temperature difference or a laser beam. Considering the temperature dependence of the VO2 thermal conductivity, the heat flux and the temperature profile along a VO2 nanowire are obtained and used to derive explicit expressions for the position of the metal/insulator domain interface as a function of the thermal excitation. This relation determines the variations of the metallic and insulating domains’ lengths, which can be employed to retrieve the thermal conductivity of a single nanowire bonded to a VO2 one. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of each thermal excitation are discussed along with the appearance of invariants driving the one-dimensional nonlinear heat conduction along VO2 nanowires.
Racial/Ethnic inequality & contemporary disparities in mortgage lending
Research over the past two decades has noted significant racial/ethnic wealth inequalities—inequalities with important implications for life chances and institutional access. Home ownership is as a foundational element of such inequality with broad consequences for exposure to crime, quality of public safety services, and access to healthcare, education, and employment. Building on earlier scholarship that has tended to focus on specific forms of mortgages, we draw in this article on over 1.4 million diverse mortgage applications from the largest 100 U.S. metropolitan areas to interrogate racial/ethnic disparities for (1) all home types (mobile homes, condominiums, multi/single-family units), (2) all lien holders (private/government backed), (3) all purposes (vacation/rental/owner-occupied), and (4) all buyer loan sequences (purchase, refinance, home-equity/improvement). Our analyses, which make use of multilevel modeling, reveal durable inequalities for African Americans and Hispanics across time and advantages for Non-Hispanic White and Asian-American applicants. Such disadvantages are likewise observed for those seeking housing in highly concentrated minority locales, although such effects seem to vary by applicant race/ethnicity. Specifically, mortgage originations, while generally less likely in high minority concentrated areas, appear to be more likely for Black/Hispanic borrowers in areas that have been becoming increasingly minority concentrated. Mortgage lending, we conclude, remains a deeply problematic dimension of racial/ethnic inequality with important consequences for persistent segregation, wealth disparities, and the intergenerational transmission of advantage/disadvantage.
Electron scattering at interfaces in Ru(0001)/Co(0001) multilayers
Electron transport measurements on 60-nm-thick multilayers containing N = 2–58 individual Ru and Co layers are employed to quantify the specific resistance of Ru/Co interfaces. Sputter deposition on Al2O3(0001) at Ts = 400 °C leads to a 0001 preferred orientation with x-ray diffraction (XRD) Ru and Co 0002 peaks that shift closer to each other with increasing N, suggesting interfacial intermixing. The intermixing is quantified by x-ray reflectivity (XRR) and confirmed by an XRD Ru/Co alloy peak that develops during in situ synchrotron annealing as well as for deposition at a higher Ts = 600 °C. The room-temperature resistivity increases from 15.0 to 47.5 μΩ cm with decreasing superlattice period Λ = 60–2 nm. This is attributed to increasing electron scattering at the intermixed metal interfaces. The transport data are well described by a parallel conductor model that treats metal layers and the intermixed alloy as parallel resistors, where the resistivity of the intermixed alloy of 60.4 μΩ cm is determined from a co-deposited Ru/Co sample. Data fitting provides values for the effective thickness of the intermixed interface of 16.8 nm, in good agreement with the XRR value, yielding a Ru/Co contact resistance of 8.5 × 10−15 Ω m2 for interfaces deposited at 400 °C. The overall results show that the Ru/Co contact resistance is dominated by a high-resistivity interfacial alloy and, therefore, is a strong function of the deposition process, particularly the processing temperature.
Screening for anxiety in patients with cancer: Diagnostic accuracy of GAD-7 items considering lowered GAD-7 cut-offs
Background A standard questionnaire for generalized anxiety disorders is the GAD-7. Attempts to improve its screening capacity in oncological settings resulted in a discussion about lowering its cut-off. This study examines the diagnostic accuracy of the GAD-7 items depending on applied cut-offs and whether, similar to depressive symptoms, a distinction between somatic-emotional and cognitive items might be relevant. Patients and methods Screening data from 4705 patients with cancer who were treated at the outpatient clinic of the National Centre for Tumour Diseases in Heidelberg were analysed. For the individual GAD-7 items sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and Clinical Utility Index were determined for cut-off ≥ 7, ≥ 8, ≥ 10 and ≥ 15 in the GAD-7 questionnaire. Results The best overall diagnostic accuracy was found for a cut-off ≥ 8. The cognitive items had the best diagnostic accuracy for identifying severe GAD (cut-off ≥ 15), and the somatic-emotional items had the best diagnostic accuracy for identifying mild to moderate GAD (cut-off ≥ 7, ≥ 8 and ≥ 10). Conclusions Our data support the recommendation of lowering the GAD-7 cut-off in oncology settings and suggest that in anxiety disorders, a symptom overlap between the physical illness and a possible mental disorder should be considered.
Dopant site analysis of heavily Si-doped GaAs using a combination of electron microscopy and synchrotron radiation
Silicon (Si) acts as an amphoteric impurity in gallium arsenide (GaAs), occupying various sites and exhibiting different coordination structures within the material. In this study, we employed electron microscopy, x-ray absorption spectroscopy, and theoretical simulations to analyze the Si-occupied sites and local coordination structures at concentrations ranging from 2 to 4 × 1019 atoms/cm3 in heavily doped GaAs. High angular resolution electron channeling x-ray spectroscopy was employed to analyze the Si-occupied sites. This method quantitatively estimates site occupancies through statistical analysis of atom site-dependent spectra. It was observed that Si substitutes for both Ga and As sites with nearly equal occupancies. Si K-edge x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) measurements and density functional theory calculations were used to explore the local coordination structures of Si. The peak positions of experimental XAFS spectra aligned closely with those of the calculated XAFS spectra for neutral SiGa–SiAs dumbbells, particularly when Si atoms were in close proximity. Considering the effect of vacancies, the experimental XAFS peak position corresponded well with that of the calculated Si dumbbell–VAs pair. In addition, the observed pre-peak was attributed to neutral Si, likely originating from Si clusters. These findings enhance our understanding of Si-related defect structures and their influence on the properties of heavily Si-doped GaAs.
Unravelling the transcriptomic dynamics of Hyphopichia pseudoburtonii in co-culture with Botrytis cinerea
Hyphopichia pseudoburtonii, is emerging as a potential biocontrol agent against various phytopathogens. These traits have been attributed to the production of various antifungal compounds in the presence of target pathogens. However, the broad molecular mechanisms involved in the antifungal activity are not yet understood. This study employed RNA sequencing to assess the temporal changes in H. pseudoburtonii Y963 gene expression patterns when co-cultivated with Botrytis cinerea. Genes differentially expressed in H. pseudoburtonii in co-culture with B. cinerea, compared to the monoculture were evaluated after 24, 48, and 120 h of growth. Up-regulation of genes encoding major core histones (H2A, H3, H4) and ribosomes in the first 24 h suggested an abundance of cells in the S phase of the cell cycle. At 48 h, the genes up-regulated highlight mitotic cell cycle activity and induction of filamentous growth, while in later stages, up-regulation of genes encoding high affinity transporters of sugars, copper and iron, as well as those involved in the retention and utilization of siderophore-iron was evident. Altogether, the data allude to competition for space and nutrients as key mechanisms activated in H. pseudoburtonii in the presence of B. cinerea. This research offers new insights into H. pseudoburtonii transcriptomic response to B. cinerea and illuminates the adaptive strategies and molecular mechanisms behind its antifungal activity.