Browse Articles

Air pollution and cause-specific mortality in EU: a review integrating meta-analysis and meta-regression

Managing the pitfalls of private money

A two-stage deep-learning model using MobileNetV2 and U-Net for CT-based muscle volume assessment in total hip arthroplasty

An HIV vaccine blueprint

The infection of rhesus macaques with a chimeric virus uncovers a recipe for broadly neutralizing antibodies

LiWO-SRDN-based EV charging coordination for stable smart grid systems using a single-switch high step-up zeta converter

Scientific computing in an AI world

Scientific computing must integrate AI with simulation and focus on energy-efficient methods and systems

Socioeconomic and clinical determinants of mental health service use: a population-based cohort study exploring frailty as a potential mediator

Preserve EEOC data collection

Uropathogenic profiles and antibiotic resistance in gynecological cases: a microbial surveillance study from Northeast India

A metastable solid solution transforms into complex nanostructures

Instability in a high-entropy alloy drives structural changes that strengthen the alloy

The EU needs to back its ambition to end animal testing with cash

Human-inspired hyperparameter optimization for long-horizon forecasting of freshwater and desalination per-capita dynamics

Brain-wide topographic coordination of rotating waves

Patterns of brain activity moving in waves occur across brain regions and species, yet their spatial organization, anatomical basis, and brain-wide distribution remain unclear. Using cortex-wide imaging and electrophysiology in awake mice, we revealed a prominent wave motif across spatial scales. Waves frequently formed rotational patterns centered on somatosensory cortex and sweeping across somatotopic maps. Axonal architecture within sensory cortex exhibited a matching circular arrangement. Rotating waves were mirrored between hemispheres and between sensory and motor cortex and were coordinated with subcortical spiking. Bilaterally cutting the circular circuitry diminished rotating waves. Rotating waves were modulated across behavioral states, evoked by sensory inputs, and recruited during correct visuomotor performance. These results establish that rotating waves are sculpted by axonal architecture across diverse brain systems and behavioral contexts.

Investigation of the lower block rows in the King’s Chamber of the Great Pyramid using ultrasonic testing with shear wave arrays

Abstract This study investigates the internal geometry of the granite block rows in the King’s Chamber (KC) of the Great Pyramid of Giza using Non-destructive testing (NDT) with ultrasonic testing (UST) using shear wave echo arrays. As part of the ScanPyramids (SP) project measurement campaigns in 2022, the lower two block rows of all four walls were examined using ultrasonic shear-wave echo arrays (PD8000, Screening Eagle Technologies). The measurement strategy initially included rapid overview acquisitions using an 8-channel UST device to identify potential areas of interest. High-resolution, detailed measurements were then performed at these locations, particularly along the north wall (NW) and in the area of block labeled NW9, using a 16-channel configuration built from two UST devices. The data acquired during these campaigns were processed using a Fourier Transform Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique (FT-SAFT) algorithm based on the general Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique (SAFT), creating two-dimensional (2D) cross-sectional images that reveal internal reflectors. A reliable determination of reflector depth requires a precise measurement of the shear wave velocity, which was determined from measurements on the surfaces of 45 accessible granite blocks of the two lower block rows of the KC. The whole study was performed on these 45 blocks. The chamber-wide mean value of 3035 m/s ± 90 m/s results in a remaining depth uncertainty of only a few centimeters, arising from variations in stone properties and measurement uncertainties (up to ± 70 mm even for deep reflectors). Images reconstructed using an FT-SAFT enabled the determination of block thickness (i.e., the locations of backwalls), block joints, and the identification of additional internal reflectors at depths of up to approximately 3 m. The 16-channel UST device exhibited an improved signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and greater penetration depth than the 8-channel UST device, enabling hyperbolic reflectors and anomalies behind individual blocks to be visualized more distinctly. From the reconstructed 2D images of the measurement profiles, a three-dimensional model of the lower two block rows was derived, providing for the first time a systematic view of the internal structure of the granite lining of the two lower block rows of the KC’s walls. The results illustrate the potential of UST in combination with FT-SAFT for the NDT of massive historic stone structures, establishing a basis for subsequent multi-modal NDT analyses and structural evaluations of the Great Pyramid.

Unlikely chemistry of life may have originated on the ocean floor

Group offers new scenario for how cells came to rely on phosphate molecules

Convolutional neural network and AI technology for colleges and universities students’ achievement performance prediction

Paws for thought

Emergent decadal predictability in Antarctic contribution to sea-level rise

Optimizing the sustainability assessment, mechanical properties and drying shrinkage of concrete containing groundnut shell ash using RSM modeling

The Lucy flyby of (52246) Donaldjohanson: A bilobed asteroid with tumbling rotation

The main belt asteroid (52246) Donaldjohanson (DJ) is a likely member of the Erigone asteroid family. This implies that DJ is a fragment of a larger parent body that was destroyed in a collision about 155 million years ago. We report observations taken during a flyby of DJ by the Lucy spacecraft. We found that DJ is composed of two heavily cratered lobes, connected by a smoother neck, with overall dimensions 8.8 kilometers (km) by 4.4 km by 3.1 km. The crater density is consistent with the Erigone family’s age, except for craters <0.4 km, which have been preferentially erased. DJ rotates slowly in a tumbling state, likely owing to spin-down by radiative forces. Surface spectra show iron-bearing phyllosilicates, indicating moderate aqueous evolution on the parent body.