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Intrinsic p53 activation restricts gammaherpesvirus driven germinal center B cell expansion during latency establishment
Abstract Gammaherpesviruses are DNA tumor viruses that establish lifelong latent infections in lymphocytes. For viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus and murine gammaherpesvirus 68, this is accomplished through a viral gene-expression program that promotes cellular proliferation and differentiation, especially of germinal center B cells. Intrinsic host mechanisms that control virus-driven cellular expansion are incompletely defined. Using a small-animal model of gammaherpesvirus pathogenesis, we demonstrate in vivo that the tumor suppressor p53 is activated specifically in B cells latently infected by murine gammaherpesvirus 68. In the absence of p53, the early expansion of murine gammaherpesvirus 68 latency greatly increases, especially in germinal center B cells, a cell type whose proliferation is conversely restricted by p53. We identify the B cell-specific latency gene M2, a viral promoter of germinal center B cell differentiation, as a viral protein sufficient to elicit a p53-dependent anti-proliferative response caused by Src-family kinase activation. We further demonstrate that Epstein-Barr virus-encoded latent membrane protein 1 similarly triggers a p53 response in primary B cells. Our data highlight a model in which gammaherpesvirus latency gene-expression programs that promote B cell proliferation and differentiation to facilitate viral colonization of the host trigger aberrant cellular proliferation that is controlled by p53.
Protective effect of low-dose lactulose in dextran sulfate sodium induced ulcerative colitis model of rats
Dynamically induced spatial segregation in multispecies bacterial bioconvection
Blue photoluminescence from active carboxyl adatoms on nanoporous anodic alumina films
Active learning framework to optimize process parameters for additive-manufactured Ti-6Al-4V with high strength and ductility
Novel application of sinh cosh optimizer for robust controller design in hybrid photovoltaic-thermal power systems
Multichrome encoding-based multiplexed, spatially resolved imaging reveals single-cell RNA epigenetic modifications heterogeneity
A lectin produced by a Streptomyces species targets mammalian pancreatic acinar cells in mice and humans
Probing and manipulating the Mexican hat-shaped valence band of In2Se3
Abstract Ferroelectrics based on van der Waals semiconductors represent an emergent class of materials for disruptive technologies ranging from neuromorphic computing to low-power electronics. However, many theoretical predictions of their electronic properties have yet to be confirmed experimentally and exploited. Here, we use nanoscale angle-resolved photoemission electron spectroscopy and optical transmission in high magnetic fields to reveal the electronic band structure of the van der Waals ferroelectric indium selenide (α-In2Se3). This indirect bandgap semiconductor features a weakly dispersed valence band, which is shaped like an inverted Mexican hat. Its form changes following an irreversible structural phase transition of α-In2Se3 into β-In2Se3 via a thermal annealing in ultra-high vacuum. Density functional theory supports the experiments and reveals the critical contribution of spin orbit coupling to the form of the valence band. The measured band structure and its in situ manipulation offer opportunities for precise engineering of ferroelectrics and their functional properties beyond traditional semiconducting systems.
A generative adversarial network with multiscale and attention mechanisms for underwater image enhancement
Challenging the ideal strength limit in single-crystalline gold nanoflakes through phase engineering
Evaluation and comparison of reading man flap based on different designs of angles and central axial lengths using finite element method
Atomically resolved imaging of radiation-sensitive metal-organic frameworks via electron ptychography
Field switching of microfabricated metamagnetic FeRh MRI contrast agents
Abstract In a step towards generating switchable MRI cellular labels, we demonstrate in-situ field switching of micron scale metamagnetic Iron-Rhodium (FeRh) thin film particles. A thin-film (200 nm) FeRh sample was fabricated and patterned into an array of progressively smaller squares with sizes ranging from 500 μm down to 1 μm. The large first order phase change from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic state was characterized using vibrating sample magnetometry, magnetic force microscopy, and MRI. Room temperature MRI experiments sensitive to the local magnetic field surrounding the particles demonstrated the low moment state (OFF MRI contrast) at 4.7T and high moment state (ON MRI contrast) at 11.7T for the array where sizes down to 2–3 μm were observed in MRI at 50 μm resolution. The expected temperature dependent MRI contrast change was seen at 4.7T, where 10 μm particles could be observed at 150 μm resolution in the ON state. A shielded MRI insert, used to temporarily increase or decrease the magnetic field up to 0.77T amplitude, was used to reversibly switch the particle array at constant temperature and blink the particles ON and OFF at 4.7T. This work demonstrates the MRI contrast switching potential for FeRh particles with biological cell dimensions, and the use of magnetic field pulses for reversible MRI label contrast control.
Microglia modulate the cerebrovascular reactivity through ectonucleotidase CD39
Green magnetically separable molluscicide Ba–Ce–Cu ferrite/TiO2 nanocomposite for controlling terrestrial gastropods Monacha Cartusiana
Highly bright perovskite light-emitting diodes enabled by retarded Auger recombination
Abstract One of the key advantages of perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) is their potential to achieve high performance at much higher current densities compared to conventional solution-processed emitters. However, state-of-the-art PeLEDs have not yet reached this potential, often suffering from severe current-efficiency roll-off under intensive electrical excitations. Here, we demonstrate bright PeLEDs, with a peak radiance of 2409 W sr−1 m−2 and negligible current-efficiency roll-off, maintaining high external quantum efficiency over 20% even at current densities as high as 2270 mA cm−2. This significant improvement is achieved through the incorporation of electron-withdrawing trifluoroacetate anions into three-dimensional perovskite emitters, resulting in retarded Auger recombination due to a decoupled electron-hole wavefunction. Trifluoroacetate anions can additionally alter the crystallization dynamics and inhibit halide migration, facilitating charge injection balance and improving the tolerance of perovskites under high voltages. Our findings shed light on a promising future for perovskite emitters in high-power light-emitting applications, including laser diodes.
“The impact of the Little Orange Book on how parents/carers manage symptoms of illness in children: A mixed methods study”
Background Previous literature has highlighted the complexity of supporting an acutely unwell child and the unnecessary use of services by parents/carers. The Little Orange Book (LOB) was developed as an information resource for parents/carers of young children to assist in managing symptoms of childhood illness and to encourage the appropriate use of healthcare services. Objectives This study aimed to understand parent/carer views and experiences using the Little Orange Book. Specifically, this study focused on barriers and facilitators to use, the impact on parents’ behaviour and the views on improving the LOB. Methods An explanatory sequential mixed-methods approach, including qualitative and quantitative components, was used to collect data regarding parent’s experiences using the LOB. Parents and carers in the North-East of England were invited to participate in an online survey and a subset of these respondents took part in qualitative interviews. One-hundred-and-twenty-eight parents completed the online survey and 16 took part in interviews. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis and quantitative data analysed using descriptive statistical analytical methods. Results Three themes were identified within the data: Increasing parental empowerment in managing their child’s health , Equality of Access to Health-based Literature and Barriers and Facilitators to using the Little Orange Book . Conclusions The Little Orange Book was seen as a valuable form of information to support parents and carers in healthcare decisions. Further development should ensure inclusivity, widen access and view provision of the information as an opportunity for healthcare professionals to engage with parents.