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Practical and divergent electrochemical access to thiocarbamoyl fluorides and N-trifluoromethyl amines from secondary amines
Abstract We report a practical and divergent electrochemical method for converting simple secondary amines into thiocarbamoyl fluorides and N -trifluoromethyl amines. Using inexpensive, bench-stable reagents, including Et₃N·3HF and CS₂, these one-pot transformations proceed under mild, open-air conditions without solvent drying, degassing, inert atmosphere, or stoichiometric silver reagents. By tuning the reaction conditions, the same general strategy provides either product class in moderate to excellent yields across a broad substrate scope, with high functional-group tolerance and applicability to late-stage modification of complex bioactive molecules. The method is readily scalable and offers a practical alternative to existing fluorination approaches that rely on hazardous or costly reagents. Mechanistic studies combining cyclic voltammetry, ¹⁹F NMR spectroscopy, UV–Vis spectroscopy, HRMS, XRD, SEM–EDX, authentic intermediate analysis, and DFT calculations support a multistep pathway involving dithiocarbamate salts and thiuram intermediates, followed by bromide-assisted fluorination. This operationally simple, metal-free platform provides practical access to valuable fluorinated nitrogen-containing building blocks for synthesis, medicinal chemistry, and materials science.
Observation of magnon polarons in the van der Waals itinerant ferromagnet Fe3GeTe2
Abstract Magnon polarons, hybrid quasiparticles embodying the intrinsic coupling between spin and lattice dynamics, bridge magnetism and phononics in quantum materials. Despite extensive studies in magnetic insulators, spectroscopic evidence for magnon polarons has been scarcely reported in metallic ferromagnets. Here, we reveal magnon polarons at the nanoscale in single crystals of Fe 3 GeTe 2 using inelastic scanning tunneling spectroscopy (ISTS) with a milli-Kelvin scanning tunneling microscope. While ISTS of phonons or magnons has been widely explored, our study focuses on two-dimensional van der Waals (vdW) itinerant ferromagnets, where momentum selection rules normally hinder magnon excitation. We show that strong magnon-phonon interaction leads to hybridization between the magnonic and phononic bands, lifting the selection rules at their avoided band crossings. This emergent momentum selection due to magnon-phonon coupling is a hallmark of magnon polarons. Our findings establish a platform for probing and engineering magnon-phonon hybrid excitations in two-dimensional materials at the nanoscale.
Break-induced replication forms long mutable single-strand DNA during meiosis
Interface access control graph neural network method for flexible automation production of mine ventilation duct
A machine learning model for predicting pneumothorax risk after computed tomography-guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy: A two-hospital retrospective study
Environmental sustainability in Somalia: the role of clean cooking energy and remittances on ecological footprints
Evaluation of the sensitivity ocular and performance indicators for driver fatigue assessment in a driving simulator
Exploring distributed leadership and proactive change behavior in nursing: the roles of psychological safety and inclusive climate
An AI-driven framework for cybersecurity awareness and user trust in indian digital banking
Adaptive weighted dynamic time warping clustering with a deep codec model for accurate photovoltaic power prediction
Health-related quality of life in patients with cervical cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of EQ‑5D utility scores
Metaheuristic-driven LSTM framework for advanced cyberthreat detection and response using a hybrid firefly–whale–grey wolf optimization pipeline
Vector characteristics of sub-ps 1.9 µm pulses produced by non-PM thulium-doped all-fiber MOPA
Abstract The efficiency of using 1.9 µm ultrashort pulses generated by thulium-doped all-fiber master oscillator power amplifiers (MOPAs) in various applications, such as material ablation, supercontinuum and Raman soliton generation, and other fields, depends not only on the amplitude-phase characteristics but also on the polarization state of the pulse. Despite the advantages of non-polarization-maintaining (non-PM) MOPAs, such as ease of assembly, low cost of fibers, and greater flexibility of parameters, the main disadvantages are sensitivity to external influences and the possibility of generating pulses with complex polarization. Thus, non-PM MOPAs have the potential to be used in laboratory settings, and tuning the pulse electric field vector parameters can improve their application efficiency. However, pulse electric field vector measurements have not been widely used in laser development research due to their complexity. Therefore, the objective of this study is to perform vector electric field measurements of sub-ps pulses at a wavelength of 1.9 µm generated by a non-PM thulium-doped all-fiber MOPA. This study presents vector measurements of the pulses at different polarization controller settings and average radiation power levels of the developed MOPA by using the tomographic ultrafast reconstruction of transverse light E-fields (TURTLE) principle, highlighting the importance of such measurements.