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A colonic polyps detection algorithm based on an improved YOLOv5s
Retraction of “Cooperative Fe/Co-Catalyzed Remote Desaturation for the Synthesis of Unsaturated Amide Derivatives”
Measurement of interfacial thermal resistance in high-energy-density matter
Comfort, consistency, and efficiency of garments with textile electrodes versus hydrogel electrodes for neuromuscular electrical stimulation in a randomized crossover trial
Magneto-ionic vortices: voltage-reconfigurable swirling-spin analog-memory nanomagnets
Assessing the influence of olive waste on the filtration properties, elasticity, porosity, and strength of oil well cement
Author Correction: Isotopic evidence for initial coastal colonization and subsequent diversification in the human occupation of Wallacea
Early prediction of CKD from time series data using adaptive PSO optimized echo state networks
Author Correction: Atypical function of a centrosomal module in WNT signalling drives contextual cancer cell motility
Development of hypoeutectic SnBi alloy solder reinforced with WO3 nanoparticles for connecting Cu substrates via thermal bonding
CD301b+ dendritic cell-derived IL-2 dictates CD4+ T helper cell differentiation
Abstract T helper (Th) cell differentiation is fundamental to functional adaptive immunity. Different subsets of dendritic cells (DC) preferentially induce different types of Th cells, but the DC-derived mechanism for Th type 2 (Th2) differentiation is not fully understood. Here, we show that in mice, CD301b+ DCs, a major Th2-inducing DC subset, drive Th2 differentiation through cognate interaction by rapidly inducing IL-2 receptor signalling in CD4+ T cells. Mechanistically, CD40 engagement prompts IL-2 production selectively from CD301b+ DCs to maximize CD25 expression in CD4+ T cells, which instructs the Th2 fate decision, while simultaneously skewing CD4+ T cells away from the T follicular helper fate. Moreover, CD301b+ DCs utilize their own CD25 to facilitate directed action of IL-2 toward cognate CD4+ T cells, as genetic deletion of CD25 in CD301b+ DCs results in reduced IL-2-mediated signalling in antigen-specific CD4+ T cells and hence their Th2 differentiation. These results highlight the critical role of DC-intrinsic CD40–IL-2 axis in Th cell fate decision.
Research on a hybrid model for flood probability prediction based on time convolutional network and particle swarm optimization algorithm
Dual-function regulator MexL as a target to control phenazines production and pathogenesis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Ivermectin causes adverse effects on the metabolic rate and thermoregulatory capacity of Dung beetles
Expectation violations signal goals in novel human communication
Abstract Communication, often grounded in shared expectations, faces challenges when a Sender and Receiver lack a common linguistic background. Our study explores how people instinctively turn to the fundamental principles of the physical world to overcome such barriers. Specifically, through an experimental game in which Senders convey messages via trajectories, we investigate how they develop novel strategies without relying on common linguistic cues. We build a computational model based on the principle of expectancy violations and a set of common universal priors derived from movement kinetics. The model replicates participant-designed messages with high accuracy and shows how its core variable—surprise—predicts the Receiver’s physiological and neuronal responses in brain areas processing expectation violations. This work highlights the adaptability of human communication, showing how surprise can be a powerful tool in forming new communicative strategies without relying on common language.