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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Forest pest monitoring and early warning using UAV remote sensing and computer vision techniques

Rapid detection of the invasive tomato leaf miner, Phthorimaea absoluta using simple template LAMP assay

Wavelength-dependent DNA damage induced by single wavelengths of UV-C radiation (215 to 255 nm) in a human cornea model

Bioinspired concise synthesis of caged Sesquiterpenoids Artatrovirenols A and B

ChromatinHD connects single-cell DNA accessibility and conformation to gene expression through scale-adaptive machine learning

The forces behind social unrest: Evidence from the Covid-19 pandemic

The unprecedented consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic have raised concerns about the erosion of social cohesion and intensified social unrest, but evidence for such a link and the underlying channels is still lacking. We use a unique combination of nationally representative survey data, event data on social unrest, and data on Covid-19 fatalities and unemployment at a weekly resolution to investigate the forces behind social cohesion and unrest in the context of the strains on public health and the economy due to the pandemic in the USA. The results show that pandemic-related unemployment and Covid-19 fatalities intensified negative emotional stress and led to a deterioration of economic confidence among individuals. The prevalence of negative emotional stress, particularly in economically strained and politically polarized environments, was, in turn, associated with intensified social unrest as measured by political protests. No such link is found for economic perceptions.

Lower vicine content reduces the reproductive yield performance in faba bean (Vicia faba L.)

Utilizing integrated bioinformatics and machine learning approaches to elucidate biomarkers linking sepsis to purine metabolism-associated genes

An improved adaptive variable neighborhood search algorithm for stochastic order allocation problem

Infrared nanosensors of piconewton to micronewton forces

Compositionally-graded ferroelectric thin films by solution epitaxy produce excellent dielectric stability

H3K56 acetylation regulates chromatin maturation following DNA replication

Correction: The final plague outbreak in Scotland 1644–1649: Historical, archaeological, and genetic evidence

Beam steering by two vertically faced metasurfaces using polarization free unit cells with three operating modes

Mechanistic modelling of allergen-induced airways disease in early life

AbstractAsthma affects approximately 300 million individuals worldwide and the onset predominantly arises in childhood. Children are exposed to multiple environmental irritants, such as viruses and allergens, that are common triggers for asthma onset, whilst their immune systems are developing in early life. Understanding the impact of allergen exposures on the developing immune system and resulting alterations in lung function in early life will help prevent the onset and progression of allergic asthma in children. In this study, we developed an in silico model describing the pulmonary immune response to a common allergen, house dust mite, to investigate its downstream impact on the pathophysiology of asthma, including airway eosinophilic inflammation, remodelling, and lung function. We hypothesised that altered epithelial function following allergen exposure determines the onset of airway remodelling and abnormal lung function, which are irreversible with current asthma therapies. We calibrated the in silico model using age appropriate in vivo data from neonatal and adult mice. We validated the in silico model using in vivo data from mice on the effects of current treatment strategies. The in silico model recapitulates experimental observations and provides an interpretable in silico tool to assess airway pathology and the underlying immune responses upon allergen exposure. The in silico model simulations predict the extent of bronchial epithelial barrier damage observed when allergen sensitisation occurs and demonstrate that epithelial barrier damage and impaired immune maturation are critical determinants of reduced lung function and asthma development. The in silico model demonstrates that both epithelial barrier repair and immune maturation are potential targets for therapeutic intervention to achieve successful asthma prevention.

Effect of gabapentin on solution surface properties and micellization behavior of betaine-based surfactant ionic liquids

AbstractThis study investigates the surface properties, micellization, and electrical conductivity of betaine-based ionic liquids (ILs) composed of [R-bet][Br] where R represents the C4, C6 and C8 (specifically [C4bet][Br], [C6bet][Br], and [C8bet][Br]) in aqueous gabapentin solutions at concentrations of (0.0000, 0.0100, 0.0300, and 0.0500) mol kg−1 at 298.15 K. The surface tension measurements revealed that increasing gabapentin concentration and alkyl chain length decrease surface tension, indicating significant hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions. The related thermophysical micellization parameters, including critical micelle concentration (CMC) and minimum surface area per molecule (Amin), exhibited improved micellization and interfacial efficiency with longer alkyl chains. Thermodynamic analysis confirm the spontaneous nature of micelle formation, with more negative Gibbs free energy values for SAILs with longer alkyl chains. The electrical conductivity studies indicate lower limiting molar conductivity (Λ0) at higher gabapentin concentrations, due to increased viscosity and ion-ion interactions. Ion association constants (KA) and DFT-COSMO calculations support stronger hydrophobic interactions and molecular packing influenced by alkyl chain length and gabapentin.

Intracellular pressure controls the propagation of tension in crumpled cell membranes

Molecular Engineering of Direct Activated NIR-II Chemiluminescence Platform for In Vivo Chemiluminescence-fluorescence Duplex Imaging

Living alone predicts non-home discharge post elective hip arthroplasty: A matched-pair cohort study

The impact of home support and interaction with family members on recovery and perioperative outcomes remains unclear. We determined whether living alone was predictive of discharge disposition following total hip arthroplasty (THA). Data were from American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program participating hospitals in 2021. The primary endpoint was discharging disposition. A total of 1716 patients living alone and 3961 with others at home were identified. The 1:1 propensity-matched cohort included 3248 total patients (1624 in each group). On univariate analysis, living alone was associated with non-home discharge (22.0% [358/1624] vs. 10.5% [170/1623]; odds ratio [OR], 2.42 [95% CI, 1.98 to 2.94]; P < .001), need for services in those returning home (63.1% [799/1266] vs. 57.7% [839/1453]; OR, 1.25 [95% CI, 1.07 to 1.46]; P = .004), and increased length of hospital stay (2.05 vs. 1.72 days; mean difference, 0.34 [95% CI, 0.18 to 0.49]; P < .001). On multivariable analysis, living alone remained an independent predictor of non-home discharge (adjusted odds ratio, 2.84 [95% CI, 2.30 to 3.54]; c = 0.734). Thus, compared to propensity-matched THA patients with others at home, those living alone experience a much greater rate of non-home discharge and need for support.

A hybrid attention generative adversarial network for Chinese landscape painting