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Emerging supersolidity in photonic-crystal polariton condensates

Global biodiversity loss from outsourced deforestation

‘Omg, did PubMed go dark?’ Blackout stokes fears about database’s future

China’s supreme court calls for crack down on paper mills

Balanced plant helper NLR activation by a modified host protein complex

Meet the ‘woolly mouse’: why scientists doubt it’s a big step towards recreating mammoths

Private spacecraft nails Moon landing: first images of Blue Ghost on the lunar surface

Experience-dependent dopamine modulation of male aggression

Acute mental stress-induced alpha or beta-adrenergic reactivity patterns linked to unique cardiometabolic risk profiles

Abstract Cardiometabolic risk may differ based on a stress-induced alpha(α)-adrenergic response versus a predominant beta(β)-adrenergic response. Whether these responses might serve as significant markers of distinct cardiometabolic risk profiles based on hemodynamic reactivity remain unknown. We (1) characterized predominant α-and β-adrenergic hemodynamic response patterns to acute mental stress; and (2) determined the cardiometabolic risk profile within predominant α-or β-adrenergic responders, irrespective of age, sex, or ethnicity. We included 117 South African teachers (aged 20–65 years) and administered an acute mental stress task (Color-Word-Conflict test) for one-minute. Participants’ hemodynamic response profiles were characterized as predominant α-adrenergic (decreases in cardiac output (CO) and Windkessel arterial compliance (Cwk) (lowest quartile)) (n = 48) and β-adrenergic (increases in CO, Cwk (highest quartile)) responses (n = 69) via Finometer beat-to-beat hemodynamic monitoring. Ambulatory-BP was measured and the number of 24 H-ischemic events determined by ECG. Cardiometabolic markers were analyzed using fasting blood samples, and abnormal glucose tolerance (Abnl-GT), combining prediabetes and diabetes, was defined as glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥ 5.7% and/or fasting glucose > 100 mg/dL and/or diabetes medication usage. Predominant α-adrenergic responders presented with an overall poorer cardiometabolic profile, with higher levels of HbA1c, insulin, greater insulin resistance and higher total cholesterol and lower HDL-cholesterol. Adjusted analyses indicated that a predominant α-adrenergic profile had higher odds of central obesity (P = 0.031), low HDL-cholesterol (P = 0.042), 24-H-hypertension (P < 0.001), cardiac stress (P = 0.025), ischemic events (P = 0.048) and medium-to-high 10-year stroke probability (P < 0.001), compared to β-adrenergic responders. In the β-adrenergic responders, higher odds for ischemic events, stroke probability and Abnl-GT were found (all P ≤ 0.022), compared to α-adrenergic responders. Independent of age, sex or ethnicity, the risk profile identified in predominant α-adrenergic responders mainly involved the effects of a high-pressure system, cardiac stress, and ischemia. Whereas in predominant β-adrenergic responders, the risk profile pointed to a more metabolic and hyperperfusion injury-related cardiometabolic risk.

Author Correction: Fault correcting adder design for low power applications

Physical exercise alone or combined with omega-3 modulates apical periodontitis induced in rats

Genetic data from Indigenous Greenlanders could help to narrow health-care gap

Arg209Lys and Gln508His missense variants in Rabphilin 3A cause pre- and post-synaptic dysfunctions at excitatory glutamatergic synapses

Integrated analysis and experimental validation reveal the prognostic and immunological features associated with coagulation in hepatocellular carcinoma

Tissue-resident memory CD8 T cell diversity is spatiotemporally imprinted

Abstract Tissue-resident memory CD8 T (T RM ) cells provide protection from infection at barrier sites. In the small intestine, T RM cells are found in at least two distinct subpopulations: one with higher expression of effector molecules and another with greater memory potential 1 . However, the origins of this diversity remain unknown. Here we proposed that distinct tissue niches drive the phenotypic heterogeneity of T RM cells. To test this, we leveraged spatial transcriptomics of human samples, a mouse model of acute systemic viral infection and a newly established strategy for pooled optically encoded gene perturbations to profile the locations, interactions and transcriptomes of pathogen-specific T RM cell differentiation at single-transcript resolution. We developed computational approaches to capture cellular locations along three anatomical axes of the small intestine and to visualize the spatiotemporal distribution of cell types and gene expression. Our study reveals that the regionalized signalling of the intestinal architecture supports two distinct T RM cell states: differentiated T RM cells and progenitor-like T RM cells, located in the upper villus and lower villus, respectively. This diversity is mediated by distinct ligand–receptor activities, cytokine gradients and specialized cellular contacts. Blocking TGFβ or CXCL9 and CXCL10 sensing by antigen-specific CD8 T cells revealed a model consistent with anatomically delineated, early fate specification. Ultimately, our framework for the study of tissue immune networks reveals that T cell location and functional state are fundamentally intertwined.

Homologous relationship between FabG involved in fatty acid biosynthesis and SDR on chromosome II in the multi-chromosome pathogen Vibrio anguillarum

Toward a high-throughput in vitro model for estimating vitreous humor permeability of topically applied drugs

Abstract The vitreous humor of the eye presents a crucial target for posterior segment therapy due to its proximity to the retina and relatively easy accessibility. Although intravitreous injections have long been the primary method for treating posterior segment disorders, recent successes in non-invasive topical treatments have led to the exploration of alternative administration routes. The objective of our study is to establish a platform for a Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay (PAMPA) model that mimics the posterior segment, modelling the permeation process of compounds applied topically on the eye. The study demonstrates the acceptor-phase effects of sodium hyaluronate and agar on passive permeability, while applying a previously published vitreous humor-mimetic material. Physicochemical similarities of the acceptor phase media and freshly excised porcine vitreous humor further support the applicability of the mimetic material, based on viscosity and zeta potential measurement. As a result, a new concept is introduced for measuring posterior segment permeability, with potential for future high throughput screening applications.

Genetic architecture in Greenland is shaped by demography, structure and selection

Energy potential of elephant grass broth as biomass for biogas production

Theoretical solution research on air curtain thermal insulation technology at tunnel portal in cold area