Browse Articles

Tandem Dual-Anode Electrochemical Reactor for Valorizing Chlorinated Aromatic Pollutants into Tailorable Polymeric Adsorbent

Photoluminescence enhancement by propagating surface plasmons confined in microresonators

Abstract A number of studies of light-emitting devices have aimed to improve the luminescence efficiency, but the luminescence is affected by the presence of a metal layer. This is because electromagnetic waves propagating along the surface of a flat metal layer (or surface plasmon polaritons [SPPs]) generally deactivate excitons in emissive materials into the ground states. To overcome this problem, we propose a way of converting the deactivating character of SPPs into the opposite character to enhance the photoluminescence (PL). To achieve the PL enhancement, we localized SPPs to generate their standing waves in a whispering gallery mode microresonator. The standing waves were exploited to produce resonance between the oscillated electromagnetic fields of the SPPs’ standing waves and the transition dipoles of excitons so that the excitons can efficiently emit PL.

Vanadium-Induced Lattice Compression and Electronic Modulation in Iridium–Ruthenium Electrocatalysts Boost Acidic Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Reducing experimental uncertainty in the calculation of cavity swelling in a transmission electron microscope through crystallographically aided void volume tracking

Fully Reversible Photocontrol over DNA Intercalation with Visible Light

The dating of leather bindings using ER-FTIR spectroscopy and machine learning

Abstract Libraries and archives hold large collections of medieval manuscripts that are of cultural importance to the regions they serve. These collections are often highly studied for their written material as a snapshot of how life was at the time of writing. By studying that, codicologists can estimate a moderately accurate date for the objects, but it requires significant time, expertise, and effort to achieve these dates. Limitations regarding sample collection and preparation prevent large scale and robust scientific investigation of these culturally significant collections. Recent advancements in the scientific community around non-destructive and non-invasive analysis have helped open the door to study these collections. This study attempts to utilize External Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ER-FTIR) spectroscopy as a tool for molecular decay (MD) dating. By working closely with codicologists and conservators, it is possible to build an MD dating tool by looking at the chemical differences in leather as it ages. With an estimated uncertainty of ± 66 years, this study aims to prove that it is possible to have an accurate dating tool that is fast, easy to interpret, and non-destructive/non-invasive to cultural heritage collections.

Ultrathin Covalent Organic Framework Membranes with Tailorable Porous Channels for High-Permeance Helium Separation

Robust load frequency control with honeypot-based compensation and AETM under FDI attacks

Heterocyclic-N-Coordinated Ag ₂ ^δ− Monolayer Self-Assembled on Ag(100)

Dietary cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) mitigates benzo[a]pyrene-induced oxidative stress, immune dysfunction, and tissue damage in Nile tilapia

Abstract Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a ubiquitous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon that has been reported to induce immunotoxicity and oxidative stress in fish. In the current study, the potential protective efficacy of dietary cauliflower powder (CAF; Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) is investigated in Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) subjected to water-borne BaP exposure. Fish (initial body weight 35.45 ± 5.33 g; n  = 280) were randomly assigned to seven groups ( n  = 40/group): control, acetone (12.25 µL/L), CAF0.5 (0.5%), CAF1 (1%), BaP (12.25 µg/L), CAF0.5 + BaP, and CAF1 + BaP, and maintained on their respective regimens for 30 days. Exposure to BaP induced 30% cumulative mortality, accompanied by distinct clinical-behavioral abnormalities, hepato-renal dysfunction, and depleted total protein fractions. Concurrently, stress biomarkers (glucose and cortisol) and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) were markedly elevated. BaP exposure also suppressed antioxidant-immune responses, caused severe hematological alterations, disrupted splenic gene expression, and provoked pronounced histopathological lesions across multiple tissues (liver, brain, gills, and muscle). This damage correlated with high BaP bioaccumulation in muscle tissue and compromised resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Remarkably, dietary CAF intervention, particularly at the 1% inclusion level, significantly counteracted these toxic effects ( P  < 0.05). CAF supplementation reduced mortality, restored biochemical and immune profiles, lowered muscle BaP residues, and partially preserved normal tissue architecture. Furthermore, CAF-fed fish exhibited significantly enhanced post-challenge survival rates against A. hydrophila . Overall, these findings demonstrate that dietary CAF supplementation serves as an effective nutritional strategy to mitigate BaP-induced toxicity and support fish health in contaminated aquaculture environments.

Mitigating Succinonitrile–Li Molecular Crosstalk in In Situ Polymerization toward High-Voltage and Low-Temperature Solid-State Li Metal Batteries

Robust adaptive fault-tolerant learning control for human height-weight prediction based on DNN

Data-Driven, Mechanistically Guided Prediction of Yield and Chemoselectivity in SuFEx Reactions

A novel bioactive contact lens for corneal epithelial regeneration in a rabbit model

Drug therapy problems among pediatric patients with infectious diseases admitted to Debre Birhan Hakim Gizaw teaching hospital in Ethiopia

A Molecular Chemistry Model Links Precursor Chemistry to the Energetic Landscape of Shape-Controlled Colloidal Nanocrystals

TriPath3DNet: an efficient real-time model for multi-class classification in real-life surveillance videos of fixed duration

Mo-Catalyzed Direct Nitrogen-to-Amine Conversion in Flow via Active N–H Species

Parallelizable search-space decomposition for large-scale combinatorial optimization problems using quadratic unconstrained binary optimization

Abstract Combinatorial optimization problems are crucial in industry. However, many COPs are NP-hard, causing the search space to grow exponentially with problem size and rendering large-scale instances computationally intractable. Conventional solvers typically treat problems as monolithic entities, leading to significant efficiency degradation as structural complexity increases. To address this issue, we propose a novel search-space decomposition method that leverages the inherent structure of variables to systematically reduce the size of the master problem. We formulate interaction costs between variables and individual variable costs as a constrained maximum cut problem and convert it into a quadratic unconstrained binary optimization formulation using penalty terms. An Ising-model solver is used to rapidly decompose the problem into independent small-scale subproblems, which are subsequently solved in parallel using mathematical optimization solvers. We validated this method on the capacitated vehicle routing problem. Results demonstrate three significant benefits: a substantial enhancement in feasible solution rates, accelerated convergence, achieving in 1 min the accuracy that the naive method required 30 min to reach, and a variable reduction of up to 95.32%. These findings suggest that search-space decomposition is a promising strategy for efficiently solving large-scale combinatorial optimization problems.

Three-State Electrochiroptical Switches Derived from Chiral Stable Carbenes