Browse Articles

Analysis of ultrasound Doppler flow pattern recognition method for drilling gas intrusion monitoring

Chromosomal fusions trigger rediploidization of autopolyploid genomes

Abstract The ancestor of all vertebrates is thought to have undergone autopolyploid whole-genome duplication (WGD) 1,2 , doubling the genetic raw material for evolutionary diversification 3–5 . However, we still do not understand the first steps of rediploidization that followed, required for the emergence and divergence of duplicated genes (ohnologues) created by WGD 6,7 . Consequently, how the functional potential created by autopolyploidy becomes realized during evolution remains unclear. Snow carps (Schizothoracine) have a history of recent WGDs and evolved high-altitude adaptations 8–10 , making these fish a particularly suitable system to study the early stages and consequences of rediploidization. Here genomic data from all snow carp genera reveal their autopolyploid origin, including tetraploids, hexaploids and one icosaploid (20 n ). We present haplotype-resolved genomes for two snow carp species ( Schizopygopsis younghusbandi and Schizothorax curvilabiatus ) from divergent lineages, revealing a single ancestral autotetraploidy event. Comparative genomic, meiotic pairing and allele composition analyses indicate that unbalanced chromosome fusions were responsible for the transition from tetrasomic to disomic inheritance, creating genomic regions harbouring diploid ohnologue pairs, with non-rearranged chromosomes remaining tetraploid. This study suggests that this mechanism initiated rediploidization and documents its early chromosomal and genomic consequences. It starts at chromosome fusion sites and expands outwards towards chromosomal arms, a process that remained incomplete post-speciation, leading to a mixture of ancestral and lineage-specific ohnologue divergence on highly syntenic chromosomes.

Novel Carborane Based Metal Organic Framework for Record Electronic Specialty Gas C ₂ F ₆ Purification via Molecular Sieving

ABSTRACT The production of high‐purity perfluoroethane (C 2 F 6 ), an essential electronic specialty gas, requires the removal of its partially‐fluorinated analog, pentafluoroethane C 2 F 5 H. This separation is exceptionally challenging due to their similar physicochemical properties. Herein, we report a novel carborane‐based metal‐organic framework, ZNU‐23 (Ni‐CB‐HPBTA), engineered with a pearl‐chain‐like pore architecture to achieve unprecedented molecular sieving separation. The narrow pore channel and large cavity in ZNU‐23 facilitate the high and fast uptake of C 2 F 5 H (65.2 cm 3 ·g −1 at 298 K and 1 bar) while nearly completely excluding C 2 F 6 , leading to a record‐high IAST selectivity exceeding 5000 for a C 2 F 5 H/C 2 F 6 (1/99) mixture. Dynamic breakthrough experiments confirm its excellent separation performance across various mixture ratios, remarkable stability under humid and elevated‐temperature conditions, and superb recyclability. Mechanistic studies via GCMC simulations and DFT calculations attribute this performance to the multi‐site confinement of C 2 F 5 H within the pearl‐chain pores and the complete steric exclusion of the larger C 2 F 6 molecule. The potential C 2 F 5 H binding sites within the framework were further revealed by C 2 F 5 H‐loaded single crystal structure of ZNU‐23.

A multiscale spatio-temporal convolutional attention network for depressive disorder diagnosis via coarse-grained signal reconstruction based on EEG

Multi‐Stimuli‐Responsive Mechanoluminescent Manganese Halide Toward External‐Light‐Free Photochemistry

ABSTRACT Solvent‐free mechanochemical photosynthesis offers significant advantages in enhancing reaction efficiency and minimizing environmental impact. However, the inherent opacity of conventional reactors greatly impedes their integration with photochemical pathways within the “dark box.” In this regard, we synthesized a mechanoluminescent (ML) manganese halide (ETP) 2 MnBr 4 (ETP = ethyltriphenylphosphonium) to trigger the sulfonylation reaction, achieving a series of alkenyl and allyl sulfones with 65%–85% yields, all without solvents and external light sources. Piezoresponse force microscope measurements and pressure‐dependent dipole moment analysis indicate that mechanical stress enhances local piezoelectric response and thus leads to the intriguing mechanoluminescence. Furthermore, this ML (ETP) 2 MnBr 4 exhibits multi‐stimuli‐responses with considerable piezochromism of redshift by 174 nm and an abnormal anti‐thermal emission quenching. The increased crystal field strength associated with the decreased Mn–Br bond length leads to the stark piezochromism from green to red under high pressure. This study provides a promising ML manganese halide that enables potential applications in sustainable photochemistry, sensing and anti‐counterfeiting.

Continuous predictive mortality risk monitoring after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Abstract Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation remains critical for treating high-risk hematological malignancies like leukemia. Despite advances in treatment, early mortality remains clinically significant, with approximately 6–11% of patients dying within the first 100 days after transplantation. This highlights the need for dynamic monitoring strategies beyond static pre-transplant risk assessments. This study introduces a novel, interpretable, real-time proof-of-concept monitoring framework that continuously assesses individualized mortality risk during treatment using routinely collected clinical data. The framework employs deep learning models to predict seven-day mortality risk based on 22 laboratory parameters from the previous 14 days and five demographic features. The framework incorporates an explainability method that provides time-resolved insights into predictions, which can be aggregated across time intervals or patient groups for broader interpretation. We evaluated the approach on data from 891 patients treated at the University Hospital of Düsseldorf (UKD; 2004–2019), as well as on an independent cohort derived from the MIMIC-IV database. Our experiments demonstrate that the predicted mortality risk aligns with observed outcomes, achieving a patient-level AUROC of 0.95 in the primary (UKD) cohort. Preliminary expert evaluation suggests that the predictions and explanations are intuitive and clinically relevant, supporting awareness of complications and highlighting potential for timely intervention.

Porous bioactive glass-based scaffolds containing CRT glass and hydroxyapatite: morphological and structural analysis (Part I)

Author Correction: US oil and gas system emissions from nearly one million aerial site measurements

Quality, reliability, and engagement of COPD-related videos on Chinese short-form video platforms: a cross-sectional content analysis

Abstract Short-form video platforms are increasingly used to obtain information about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but the quality and reliability of COPD-related content across Chinese platforms remain unclear. We evaluated 228 COPD-related videos from Douyin, Kwai, and Bilibili using the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria, Global Quality Scale, modified DISCERN (mDISCERN), and Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool. Video characteristics, creator identity, verification status, content theme, presentation format, and visible engagement metrics were also analyzed. Video quality differed significantly across platforms. Douyin showed the highest transparency, reliability, and overall quality scores. Kwai showed the highest visible engagement but had lower overall quality and actionability scores. Bilibili had the longest videos and the highest understandability scores. Organization verified accounts generally achieved higher quality scores than individual verified or unverified accounts, although this finding should be interpreted cautiously because of the small number of such accounts. Visible engagement metrics, including likes, comments, saves, and shares, were not significantly correlated with medical quality scores. Together, these findings suggest that visible popularity is a poor proxy for medical quality. COPD-related digital health communication may benefit from more accessible evidence-based content, clearer source identification, and closer oversight of high-risk therapeutic claims.

Multitargeted comparative evaluation suggests 2-Aoeobenoxmide shows favourable in silico binding compared to Tucatinib against ERα, HER2, AKT1, EGFR, and PIK3CA in breast cancer

A robust machine learning framework for detecting temporal drift in financial fraud prevention

Legget-Garg inequality for a quantum model of ion channels

Abstract Temporal quantum correlations, revealed by violations of the Leggett–Garg inequalities (LGIs), offer a powerful framework to probe nonclassical dynamics in conceptual models, including those inspired by the living systems. Here, we examine a three-state representation of ionic transport through the selectivity filter, previously presented by Seifi et al. Using this model, we systematically investigate how different scenarios, such as initial state preparation, the specification of measurement basis, hopping dynamics, and environmental fluctuations, affect the emergence of temporal nonclassicality. The choice of measurement basis is found to play a decisive role in shaping temporal quantum correlations. Our analysis reveals that the strongest LGI violations occur for intermediate model configurations, which represent a short-lived state where a potassium ion is poised for release while still coupled to surrounding water sites, whereas entry and exit configurations exhibit weaker quantum signatures. Static fluctuations of the hopping parameters confine LGI violations to shorter time windows, while dynamic decoherence suppresses them irrespective of the hopping amplitude. Overall, our findings demonstrate that LGI-based analyses can identify stages where temporal quantum correlations are most significant, highlighting the intermediate knock-on configuration as a promising target for future studies of intrinsically quantum effects in ion-conduction phenomena.

Scalable fabrication of COF membranes for aliphatic/aromatic separation of crude oil

Distillation has been the cornerstone of crude oil refining for more than a century, relying on boiling point differences for fractionation. Although effective, it is highly energy-intensive and lacks the precision to separate specific hydrocarbon classes. We report crystalline covalent organic framework (COF) membranes with well-defined micropores and alkyl-functionalized frameworks that combine molecular sieving with preferential affinity to enrich aliphatics. An electric field–assisted roll-to-roll process enabled scalable fabrication of continuous membranes. These COF membranes enriched aliphatics to >95% and delivered permeance orders of magnitude higher than amorphous polymers in Arabian Light crude oil. A crude oil permeance of 0.34 liters m −2 hours −1 bar −1 with >90% aliphatics enrichment was achieved using industrial-standard 1812 membrane modules, demonstrating a lower energy demand than distillation.

Tailoring mechanical and thermal behavior of HDPE via Ba–Sr–Ca hexaferrite incorporation

Abstract Using mechanical ball milling at filler loadings of 5–20 wt%, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) nanocomposites reinforced with BaSrCa hexaferrite nanoparticles were created, and their structural, mechanical, and thermal performance was thoroughly examined. The M-type hexaferrite phase was successfully incorporated into the HDPE matrix, as demonstrated by X-ray diffraction, and the composite crystallite size gradually decreased from 59.31 nm (5 wt%) to 50.38 nm (20 wt%). Effective filler integration was confirmed by Rietveld refinement, which showed a gradual increase in the BaSrCa volume percentage from 4.89% to 19.25% while the HDPE fraction fell proportionally. HDPE lattice characteristics (a: 7.418 → 7.410 Å, b: 4.940 → 4.933 Å, and c: 2.485 → 2.475 Å) show slight contractions that suggest interfacial stress and limited polymer chain mobility. As the filler content increased, mechanical testing showed a noticeable stiffening impact. Young’s modulus rose from 144.35 MPa for pure HDPE to 191.35 MPa at 20 wt% BaSrCa (5 mm/min) and 239.04 MPa at 20 mm/min. While yield stress increased significantly from 16.48 MPa to 25.37 MPa, ultimate tensile strength showed a slight improvement from 24.44 MPa to 27.33 MPa. On the other hand, strain at break dropped dramatically from 536% to about 70%, indicating lower ductility because of filler-induced constraint. At greater BaSrCa concentrations, the thermal study revealed improved stability with a delayed commencement of deterioration and a higher residual mass. Overall, the findings show that BaSrCa nanoferrites considerably improve HDPE’s strength, stiffness, and thermal stability at the expense of ductility. These composites are promising options for lightweight structural, electromagnetic, and heat-resistant applications because an ideal filler range of 10–15 wt% is found, providing a balanced combination of mechanical reinforcement and structural integrity.

Induction of broadly neutralizing HIV antibodies by a two-step mechanism informs vaccine design

A major obstacle confronting HIV-1 vaccine and cure research is the lack of an outbred animal model for rapid and consistent induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs). We designed an epitope-focused simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV.5MUT) that elicited broad and potent V3-glycan–targeted antibodies within a year of infection in 14 of 22 macaques compared with 0 of 14 control animals. SHIV.5MUT elicited bNAbs by a two-step mechanism, inducing an initial wave of V1-directed antibodies that selected for envelope (Env) glycoprotein variants with shortened, hypoglycosylated V1 loops, which in turn primed V3-glycan bNAb precursors. Rhesus bNAbs were immunogenetically and structurally diverse, closely resembling human V3-glycan bNAbs. Env-bNAb coevolution revealed a diverse repertoire of bNAb precursors and the Env variants that matured them, yielding a molecular blueprint for vaccine design.

An algorithm for optimizing psychological regulation strategies for college students based on image recognition and reinforcement learning

El Niño is here. It may be the strongest this century

After clearing a spring forecasting hurdle, scientists see growing odds of a powerful climate event that could disrupt weather worldwide

Development of eco-friendly HPC using advanced hybrid multi-scale basalt fibers and ground mining materials

Inheriting trauma, rethinking science

Pupil- and gaze dynamics track emotion content in naturalistic speech

Abstract Cortical tracking of speech features is a well-established marker of continuous speech processing, but far less is known about listeners’ ocular responses to speech rhythm. Ocular responses are central to active sensing models in the auditory domain, where motor recruitment guides temporal speech prediction and attention allocation, potentially shaped by non-rhythmic cues, such as emotions. Here, we ask whether listeners’ pupil response and eye movements track the acoustic speech signals and to what extent this tracking is modulated by emotion-related top-down factors, including subjective emotion ratings, mood, and trait empathy. In a validation study ( N = 100), participants passively listened to two TED talks and intermittently rated speech segments on valence (negative–positive) and arousal (low–high). This suggested substantial variability in valence and arousal across speech segments in both talks. In the second study ( N = 41), participants completed the same task while pupillometry and electrooculography (EOG) were recorded. Mutual information was used to quantify speech tracking in pupil dilation, along with horizontal and vertical eye movements. All ocular signals significantly tracked speech at low frequencies. High-arousal speech was associated with stronger pupil tracking but weaker vertical and horizontal EOG tracking. Negative speech valence was linked to stronger tracking in pupil and vertical eye-movement signals. Interactions between the speech-emotion dimensions, as well as their interactions with listeners’ mood, further shaped these effects, giving rise to distinct patterns across ocular measures. Taken together, our findings provide evidence that ocular activity dynamically aligns to the temporal structure of natural speech and that this tracking is sensitive to both stimulus-driven and listener-dependent emotional factors.